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婆罗摩笈多-斐波那契恒等式

婆罗摩笈多-斐波那契恒等式 是以下的恒等式:

这个恒等式说明了如果有两个数都能表示为两个平方数的和,则这两个数的积也可以表示为两个平方数的和。例如,

(1)和(2)都可以用展开多项式的方法来证实。(2)可以通过把(1)中的换成来得出。

这个等式在整数环有理数环中都成立。更一般地,在任何的交换环中都成立。

它在数论中有很多应用,例如费马平方和定理说明任何被4除余1的素数都能表示为两个平方数的和,则根据婆罗摩笈多-斐波那契恒等式,任何两个被4除余1的素数的积也都能表示为两个平方数的和。

证明

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而若将互换位置,即可得

相关等式

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四平方和恒等式是一个类似的等式,含有四个平方和,与四元数有关。还有一个八平方和恒等式英语Degen's eight-square identity

与复数的关系

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如果实数,那么这个等式与复数的绝对值的乘法性质是等价的,也就是说:

由于

两边平方,得

根据绝对值的定义,

用范数来解释

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有理数的情况中,这个等式可以解释为范数是积性的。也就是说:

而且

所以,这个等式就是说

参见

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外部链接

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婆罗摩笈多-斐波那契恒等式
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