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奥斯特 (单位)

奥斯特(oersted)又译厄斯特,是厘米-克-秒制里的磁场强度H场)、磁化强度一贯导出单位英语Coherence (units of measurement),简称“奥”(Oe)。1930年,国际电工委员会为了纪念丹麦物理学者汉斯·奥斯特,特将此单位命名为奥斯特。[1]

奥斯特定义为达因dyn)每单位磁荷。转换至国际单位制,1奥斯特等于 1000/4π (≈ 79.5774715) 安培/米。[2][3]

  • 在卷绕 79.58匝每米,带有 1安培电流的超长螺线管内的 H场大约为 1奥斯特。
  • 当 10安培的稳恒电流通过无限长的细直导线时,距离导线 2厘米处的 H场为 1奥斯特。
  • 当 10安培电流通过半径为 1厘米的单匝环形线圈时,在环心处的 H场为 2π奥斯特。

换句话说,1奥斯特就是等于半径为 1厘米的平面单闸圆形线圈中,通过 1/2π绝对安培电流时,线圈中心的磁场。

在厘米-克-秒制下,H场的单位是奥斯特,磁感应强度(B场)的单位是高斯。在国际单位制里,H场的单位是安培/米,B场的单位是特斯拉[4]

奥斯特与B场的单位高斯密切相关。在真空里,假若H场是1奥斯特,则B场是1高斯。在磁导率介质里,B场 (高斯)与H场 (奥斯特)的关系为

最大磁能积(BHmax)衡量磁铁储存能量的能力,单位为“百万高斯-奥斯特”(megagauss-oersted,MGOe)。1MGOe等于 J/m3[5]

参阅

参考文献

  1. ^ IEC history. [2011-10-07]. (原始内容存档于2019-05-21). 
  2. ^ Magnetic Conversion Factors. [2011-10-07]. (原始内容存档于2020-09-27). 
  3. ^ Derived CGS Units with Special Names. [2011-10-07]. (原始内容存档于2020-09-18). 
  4. ^ Kaye, G.W.C & Laby, T.H:Table of Physical and Chemical Constants, page 14. Longman, 1973.
  5. ^ Standard Specifications for Permanent Magnet Materials (PDF). MMPA 0100-00. [2011-10-07]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-07-22).  Appendix C


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奥斯特 (单位)
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