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挟天子以令诸侯

挟天子以令诸侯,又称为奉天子以令不臣[1],最原始的意思是挟制着天子,用天子的名义向天下诸侯发号施令,类似句子在汉末三国时期多次出现,现在的意思为用领导人的名义,指挥别人做事。

语源

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春秋

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夹辅周室”之说法最早出自《左传·鲁僖公四年》。鲁僖公四年(公元前656年)春天,齐桓公以诸侯之师攻打蔡国,蔡国战败,于是齐国就攻打楚国楚成王就遣使对齐师说:“贵国处于北海,寡人处于南海,是风马牛不相及。何故贵国要涉入吾地?”,管仲回应说:“从前召康公命我先君大公说:‘五侯九伯,你要征服他们,以挟辅周室。’”[2],此处“挟”是辅助之意思,并非挟持、挟制之意。

战国

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张仪先后劝说秦惠文王秦武王东攻周室,挟天子以令于天下[3]

汉末三国

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东汉末年天下大乱,汉帝先后被十常侍何进董卓李傕郭汜等争来夺去。“挟天子而令诸侯”一句则出自汉末三国时期多番游说。例如据《后汉书·袁绍传》与《三国志·袁绍传》,沮授游说袁绍曰:“今州城粗定,兵强士附,西迎大驾(汉献帝),即宫邺都挟天子而令诸侯,蓄士马以讨不庭,谁能御之?”最终曹操奉汉献帝迁都许昌,控制了汉献帝[4]。同时还获得了原汉室大批官员,也赢得了当时大批文人士子归心,此等人为曹操出谋划策,使曹操能最终平定北方。当时其他变体有:

参考文献

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  1. ^ 《三国志·魏书·毛玠传》
  2. ^ s:春秋左氏传/僖公#僖公四年》:春,齐侯以诸侯之师侵蔡,蔡溃,遂伐楚。楚子使与师言曰:君处北海,寡人处南海,唯是风马牛不相及也。不虞君之涉吾地也何故?管仲对曰:昔召康公命我先君大曰:五侯九伯,女实征之,以夹(音挟)辅周室。
  3. ^ s:史记三家注/卷070
  4. ^ s:三国志/卷01#武帝》:建安元年(196年)春正月,太祖军临武平,袁术所置陈相袁嗣降。太祖将迎天子,诸将或疑,荀彧程昱劝之

参见

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挟天子以令诸侯
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