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太平 (贤义王)

太平(?—1424年),15世纪(相当于中国明朝初年)的蒙古汗国瓦剌部首领,克埒古特氏[注 1]。按托忒文史料,阿木古郎(太平)太师克烈部的后裔,后来土尔扈特部的祖先。

乌格齐哈什哈死后,瓦剌为马哈木、太平、把秃孛罗所控制。1409年,明成祖封领马哈木(巴图拉)为顺宁王、太平为贤义王、把秃孛罗为安乐王。太平加金紫光禄大夫。多次和马哈木协作与阿鲁台作战。马哈木死后,一度执掌瓦剌诸部大权。1421年,率军攻打哈密,出兵亦力把里。1424年,马哈木的儿子脱懽杀死太平。其子捏烈忽即位。

萨冈《蒙古源流》认为布里牙特·乌格齐之子额色库蒙古语ᠡᠰᠡᠬᠦ转写Esekü,书中称其为额色库汗)登基为汗,然而蒙古史学者认为这种说法是对《黄史》的曲解,《黄史》记载额色库娶额勒伯克的女儿萨穆尔公主(巴图拉的遗孀)为妻,把阿寨台吉和其母作为家奴役使,他死后瓦剌内乱,萨穆尔公主将阿寨台吉母子放回鞑靼(东蒙古),根本没有记载额色库称汗之事。而《黄金史》等其他蒙古文史书记载此时瓦剌拥立的蒙古大汗是斡亦剌歹蒙古语中“额色库”有太平之意,有学者据此认为额色库就是明朝册封的瓦剌贤义王太平。且《新旧土尔扈特汗诺颜世谱》里的阿木古郎(амгалан)意思就是太平,世谱记载其别称为“Ka-i-ong”(与贤义王在蒙语中的转音对应)。

注释

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  1. ^ 或译奇喇古特克烈努特(《蒙古源流》记载四卫拉特属部中有一Keregüd,不同抄本又作Kergüd或Kerenügüd),一说即土尔扈特旧姓“额尔克彻古特”,而伯希和等人认为是乞儿吉思。蒙古史学者乌兰在《〈蒙古源流〉硏究》中认为Keregüd或许是Kergüd的形讹,Kerenügüd(四十的复数)是Kirg(四十)+üd的讹变复数形式。与突厥语的Kirg+iz含义相同,均为柯尔克孜/吉尔吉斯的自称。

参考资料

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  • 张廷玉等. 明史
  • 乌兰:《〈蒙古源流〉研究》,辽宁民族出版社,2000年.
  • 宝音德力根:《15世纪中叶前的北元可汗世系及政局》蒙古史研究 第六辑
  • 高文德 主编. 《中国民族史人物辞典》. 
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太平 (贤义王)
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