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乌格齐哈什哈.
乌格齐·哈什哈(蒙古语:Үгэчи хашха[注 1],又称布里牙特·乌格齐),14世纪末(中国明朝初期)蒙古汗国瓦剌部首领,对应《明史》所称的猛可帖木儿、《明实录》的猛哥帖木儿。出自克埒古特氏[注 2]。
最初他统辖瓦剌各部(四卫拉特),巴图拉(即马哈木)为其属下。1399年,不满蒙古大汗额勒伯克封巴图拉为丞相,于是与其一同杀了大汗,蒙古人众大半降之,瓦剌称雄之始。15世纪初瓦剌拥立坤帖木儿为傀儡可汗。乌格齐·哈什哈死后,瓦剌为马哈木、太平(一说就是他的儿子,《黄史》称额色库)、把秃孛罗所控制。
卫拉特领导人乌格齐·哈什哈可与同时期明朝记载的“瓦剌王”猛哥帖木儿对应,根据《蒙古黄金史》《蒙古源流》等书记载,非黄金家族出身的卫拉特人乌格齐·哈什哈击杀了蒙古可汗,然而蒙古文史书均未记载其称汗。《蒙古源流》又称,乌格齐·哈什哈后来杀死巴图拉,在1410年死后,其子额色库即位,然而《黄史》并无额色库称汗之说,且与《明史》在猛可帖木儿死后由马哈木、太平、把秃孛罗三分领地有所不同。日本学者和田清认为他是《明史》所称“非元裔”的鬼力赤,但是“元裔”也可指忽必烈后代,与作为成吉思汗后代的“黄金家族”不同,鬼力赤(即乌鲁克特穆尔)是成吉思汗之子窝阔台的曾孙。
参考资料
- 佚名《萨拉图吉》(大黄史)
- (清)张廷玉等. 明史,卷327
- 宝音德力根:《15世纪中叶前的北元可汗世系及政局》蒙古史研究 第六辑
- 薄音湖:《关于北元汗系》内蒙古大学学报 1987年 第三期
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