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备边司

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备边司
谚文비변사 ‧ 비국 ‧ 주사
汉字備邊司 ‧ 備局 ‧ 籌司
文观部式Bibyeonsa ‧ Biguk ‧ Jusa
马-赖式Pipyǒnsa ‧ Pikuk ‧ Chusa

备边司(韩语:비변사)是朝鲜王朝中后期总领中央和地方军务的官厅,是正一品衙门。1510年(中宗5年)因三浦倭乱成立,初期只是边防有事时处理事务的机构。1555年(明宗10年),办公地点移至昌德宫南侧敦化门外,逐成为常设机构。壬辰倭乱后,宣祖扩大备边司职能,并取代最高衙门议政府,成为朝鲜政治的中枢机构,协助国王处理一切军国大事。至1865年高宗父亲兴宣大院君摄政期间才废除,将决策权回归议政府。

备边司堂上官

备边司的最高长官是都提调,由议政府的三名议政(领议政左议政右议政)兼任,为正一品。实际管事的长官为提调,为从一品从二品。提调为17名,由左右赞成、左右参赞礼曹判书、兵曹判书、刑曹判书、训练大将、御营大将、禁卫大将、摠戎使、守御使、开城留守、江华留守、弘文馆大提学兼任。提调中掌握实权的是“有司堂上”(4名)、“句管堂上”(8名)和“贡廛堂上”(2名)。其中句管堂上负责朝鲜八道的事务(一人一道),贡廛堂上负责对中国朝贡和市场管理。副提调一员(正三品堂上),由一名有司堂上兼任。

备边司堂下官

备边司管理具体事务的机构称为“郎厅”,是从六品衙门。郎厅由4名文官和8名武官组成。武官中的1员由兵曹的武备司郎厅(从六品)兼任,3员从王的侍从中任命。武官如是七品以上官员兼任,15个月任职满后便会升为从六品。

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备边司
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