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壶穴

本条目属于 河流系列
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地形
术语
人造建物
天然灾害
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壶穴
壶穴形成示意图

壶穴是在河流上游经常出现的一种地理特征。由于雨水令河水流量增加，带动上游的石块向下游流动。当石块遇上河床上的岩石凹处无法前进时，会被水流带动而打转，经历长时间后其将障碍磨穿，形成一圆形孔洞，称为壶穴。

漩涡状水流，更加速壶穴的挖掘与形成。急流或瀑布流水自由落体的撞击，亦可产生壶穴，所谓滴水穿石，可产生圆柱状甚至凿穿岩块而形成如管状的壶穴。而平流的水流或海流于悬崖或河道转弯处可能改变成扰流，漩涡水流的挖凿亦可能形成悬崖峭壁或河岸岩壁的壶穴。

下游地区壶穴通常较上游为少，此与石块大小与携带流速有关。

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壶穴
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