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土门

土门古突厥语𐰉𐰆𐰢𐰣𐰴𐰍𐰣;拉丁转写:Bumïn qaγan;?—552年),突厥可汗突厥汗国的创立者,阿史那氏,称伊利可汗Ilig Qaγan),父阿史那吐务,祖阿贤设、曾祖父阿史那是阿史那氏始祖。

突厥部落早年游牧在阿尔泰山一带,原从属于柔然。土门即位后大力从事东西方的贸易,实力渐强。542年打败铁勒[来源请求]西魏大统十一年(545年),宇文泰首次遣使访问突厥部落[1],标志着中国中原王朝已承认突厥为独立势力。翌年(546年),铁勒部落东征柔然。土门于中途邀击之,大胜,收降铁勒部众5万余户[2],遂有自立之意,要求柔然阿那瓌可汗将公主下嫁,阿那瓌大怒而拒,辱突厥为柔然“锻奴”。土门亦怒,杀柔然使者,遣使向西魏求婚,并和波斯萨珊王朝通好。551年六月,西魏将长乐公主嫁与土门[3]

552年,土门起兵东征,留其弟室点密守卫突厥故地。在怀荒镇以北击败阿那瓌,杀之[4]。柔然在蒙古高原被突厥土门可汗击败,汗国崩溃四散,从此消亡。

土门遂自称伊利可汗,建立突厥汗国,成为蒙古高原新主,不久病逝。其子科罗继位为突厥可汗[5]

参考文献

  1. ^ 周书·卷五十·列传第四十二 异域下》:大统十一年,太祖遣酒泉胡安诺盘陀使焉。其国皆相庆曰:“今大国使至, 我国将兴也。”
  2. ^ 周书·卷五十·列传第四十二 异域下》:十二年,土门遂遣使献方物。时铁勒将伐茹茹,土门率所部邀击,破之,尽降其众五万余落。
  3. ^ 周书·卷五十·列传第四十二 异域下》:恃其强盛,乃求婚于茹茹。茹茹主阿那瓌大怒,使人骂辱之曰:“尔是我锻奴,何敢发是言也?”土门亦怒,杀其使者。遂与之绝,而求婚于我。太祖许之。十七年六月,以魏长乐公主妻之。
  4. ^ 周书·卷五十·列传第四十二 异域下》:魏废帝元年正月,土门发兵击茹茹,大破之于怀荒北。阿那瓌自杀,其子庵罗辰奔齐,余众复立阿那瓌叔父邓叔子为主。
  5. ^ 周书·卷五十·列传第四十二 异域下》:土门遂自号伊利可汗,犹古之单于也。号其妻为可贺敦,亦犹古之阏氏也。土门死,子科罗立。
新头衔 东突厥可汗
552年
继任者:
乙息记
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土门
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