For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 穆斯林.

穆斯林

穆斯林
阿拉伯语:مسلم
穆斯林人口占所在地区的百分比(皮尤研究中心,2014年)
总人口
18亿 全球 (2015年)[1][2][3]
分布地区
 印度尼西亚209,120,000[2]
 巴基斯坦178,097,000[3]
 印度176,200,000[2]
 孟加拉134,430,000[2]
 尼日利亚77,300,000[2]
 埃及76,990,000[2]
 伊朗73,570,000[2]
 土耳其71,330,000[2]
 阿尔及利亚34,730,000[2]
 摩洛哥31,930,000[2]
 伊拉克31,340,000[2]
 阿富汗31,330,000[2]
 苏丹30,490,000[2]
 埃塞俄比亚28,680,000[2]
 乌兹别克斯坦26,550,000[2]
 沙特阿拉伯25,520,000[2]
 中华人民共和国24,690,000[2]
 也门23,830,000[2]
 叙利亚18,930,000[2]
 马来西亚18,100,000[2]
其他地区287,230,000[2]
语言
  • 主要日常语言:[4]
宗教语言:[5]
古典阿拉伯语
宗教信仰
65–75% 逊尼派[6][注 1]

10–13% 什叶派[6]
15–20% 无教派穆斯林[7]
~1% 阿赫迈底亚

~1% 其他教派,如伊巴德派[7]

穆斯林(阿拉伯语:مسلم‎,罗马化al-Muslimūn直译顺服[真主]者),又可翻译为伊斯兰教徒伊斯兰信徒回教徒,是对所有相信伊斯兰教教义之人的总称,他们将《古兰经》奉为自己人生的最高指导经典。

名称

“穆斯林”一词的词源是阿拉伯语,汉语名称音译自“مسلم‎”,其原意为“顺从(信仰)者”、“实现和平者”。[8]

特点

伊斯兰教信仰唯一真神阿拉真主),属亚伯拉罕系统一神教,为穆罕默德在七世纪初所创。但穆斯林认为伊斯兰教可以追溯到创世的时候,阿丹(即犹太教基督宗教的亚当)被阿拉创造出来,并在他吃了禁果后被送到地球作为惩罚,阿丹即第一个穆斯林。

伊斯兰教是世界三大宗教之一,也是当代发展最快的国际性宗教之一,有几大派别,以逊尼派什叶派最多,还有很少数的苏菲派。2015年时全世界大约有18亿穆斯林,大约占全地球人口的25%。在不同国家和地区,穆斯林占当地人口比率各有不同,如在北非西亚中亚南亚东南亚的很多国家是多数,而在东亚欧洲美洲大洋洲则是少数。

穆斯林强调“功课”必须执行五功,是为“”。通常坚持戒律,不饮酒、也不食猪肉,只吃清真食品

沙特阿拉伯的穆斯林
什叶派穆斯林

伊斯兰教在中国有包括回族维吾尔族塔塔尔族柯尔克孜族哈萨克族塔吉克族乌兹别克族东乡族撒拉族保安族等1700多万人口,该十个民族为“主要信仰伊斯兰教”的少数民族。中国的穆斯林主要属于逊尼派,在新疆有极少数什叶派(伊斯玛仪派)。[9]

清真寺是穆斯林进行宗教活动的场所。世界上著名的清真寺有沙特麦加禁寺、沙特麦地那先知寺耶路撒冷远寺[9]

注释

  1. ^ 此处参考资料显示逊尼派占比87–90%,所有无教派穆斯林(15–20%)被归入其中。

参考文献

  1. ^ Why Muslims are the world’s fastest-growing religious group. [23 August 2017]. (原始内容存档于2017-08-23). 
  2. ^ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010–2050. Pew Research Center. 2 April 2015 [22 February 2017]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-24). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Muslim Population by Country. The Future of the Global Muslim Population. Pew Research Center. [22 December 2011]. (原始内容存档于9 February 2011). 
  4. ^ Grim, Brian J.; Johnson, Todd M. Chapter 1: Global Religious Populations, 1910–2010 (PDF) (报告). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.: 22. 2013 [10 March 2017]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于20 October 2013). 
  5. ^ Al-Jallad, Ahmad. Polygenesis in the Arabic Dialects. [2017-09-24]. (原始内容存档于2019-12-11) (英语). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Muslim Population (PDF). Pew Research Center. October 2009 [22 February 2017]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-02-08). Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation. The World’s Muslims: Unity and Diversity. Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 9 August 2012 [4 September 2013]. (原始内容存档于2016-12-26). 
  8. ^ Muslim. etymonline.com. [2017-09-24]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-05). 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 伊斯兰教_宗教概况. www.gov.cn. 2017-10-23. (原始内容存档于2021-04-23). 

外部链接

参见

{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
穆斯林
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?