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乔治亚洼地

乔治亚洼地
萨利希海四周的海滨低地共同构成乔治亚洼地
华盛顿州的地质图显示乔治亚洼地位于华盛顿州的西北角
位置加拿大卑诗省
美国华盛顿州
属于北美洲科迪勒拉山系英语North American Cordillera
地质洼地

乔治亚洼地(英语:Georgia Depression)是位于北美洲西部太平洋西北地区的洼地。乔治亚洼地包括卑诗省西南部和华盛顿西北部萨利希海沿岸的低地地区。

形成

乔治亚洼地因大约1.5亿年前大陆板块碰撞成行,碰撞形成宽阔的峡谷,数个河流在流进峡谷后一起在太平洋胡安·德·富卡海峡峡口出海[1][2]

瓦雄冰川期英语Vashon Glaciation(大约19,000至16,000年前)期间,科迪勒拉冰盖英语Cordilleran Ice Sheet不断的侵蚀乔治亚洼地,形成现在所见的地形。科迪勒拉冰盖不断后退并在地表上留下刀刀擦痕;当冰河退到现今的胡安·德·富卡海峡后海水入侵形成萨利希海[1][3]

地理

洼地北面是太平洋山脉英语Pacific Ranges,西面是温哥华岛山脉英语Vancouver Island Ranges奥林匹克山脉,东面是北喀斯喀特山脉英语North Cascades。洼地内包括弗礼沙低地温哥华岛的纳奈莫和纳威蒂低地、普吉特海湾盆地以及萨利希海的所有岛屿和相邻的水道[4]

卑诗省华盛顿州的人口大多聚集在乔治亚洼地内。

地质

乔治亚洼地以冰川条纹英语Glacial striation高原和沉积岩下的起伏丘陵为特色。洼地中的土壤大部分是由冰碛冰水沉积物英语Glacial Outwash湖成沉积物英语Lacustrine deposits所构成[3]

生态

乔治亚洼地与四周比起来相对干燥与平缓,也因此提供多样化的动植物在此茁壮成长[5]。在人类工业化农业林业城市化郊区扩张的影响下,乔治亚洼地现今的自然地景已与原始截然不同。

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Environmental History and Features of Puget Sound 互联网档案馆存档,存档日期2009-05-13., NOAA-NWFSC
  2. ^ About the Strait • Georgia Strait Alliance. Georgia Strait Alliance. [2020-10-09]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-29) (英语). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Parks Canada Agency, Government of Canada. Environment - Gulf Islands National Park Reserve. www.pc.gc.ca. 2018-03-22 [2020-08-24]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-20). 
  4. ^ BC Breeding Bird Atlas. [2019-09-19]. (原始内容存档于2021-12-22). 
  5. ^ Georgia Depression. Sierra Club BC. [2019-09-19]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-07) (加拿大英语). 

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乔治亚洼地
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