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启秀

启秀（1839年—1901年），字松岩， 号颖之，库雅拉氏，满洲正白旗人，晚清官员，以孝闻名，受大学士徐桐提拔，官至礼部尚书、军机大臣，因支持义和团，被八国联军认定为战犯，被斩。

简介

同治四年（1865年）乙丑科进士，选庶吉士，散馆改刑部主事，历任内阁学士、刑部侍郎、礼部侍郎；光绪二十四年，授礼部尚书，命充军机大臣兼理总理各国事务衙门。戊戌政变后，得徐桐向慈禧引荐，擢礼部尚书。

光绪二十六年，庚子事变爆发，董福祥攻使馆不下，启秀向载漪、载勋献策，推荐“五台山老和尚‘普净’（普静）”可攻破西什库天主堂，启秀有信心必胜，听到的人都在偷笑[1]，不过慈禧太后也想找和尚这样做[2]。当该名老和尚到后，自称关公降乩附身，角色扮演成民俗形象中的关公，拿着关刀、《春秋》，骑着类似赤兔马的红马，进攻教堂，不料即刻阵亡，马倒是逃回了[3]，启秀不久也被八国联军的日军俘虏[4]。联军认定启秀为祸首之一，要求严惩，于是弃市于菜市口。

参考文献

  1. ^ 清·陈恒庆《谏书稀庵笔记·义和拳》：“大学士启秀献策于端王、庄王曰：‘此等义和拳，道术尚浅。五台山有老和尚，其道最深，宜飞檄请之。’乃专骑驰请，十日而至。启秀在军机处贺曰：‘明日太平矣。’人问其故，曰：‘五台山大和尚至矣。教堂一毁，则天下大定。’闻者为之匿笑。”
  2. ^ 清·李希圣《庚子国变记》：“尚书启秀奏言，使臣不除，必为后患，五台僧普济，有神兵十万，请召之会歼逆夷。曾廉、王龙文，请用决水灌城之法，引玉泉山水灌使馆，必尽淹毙之。御史彭述，谓义和拳咒炮不燃，其术至神，无畏夷兵。太后亦欲用山东僧普法、余蛮子、周汉三人者。”
  3. ^ 清·高树《金銮琐记》：“尚书启秀函请五台山普净，来京攻西什库教堂。僧言关圣降神附其身，携青龙刀一柄、《春秋》一部，骑赤兔马往攻，入阵便中炮亡，惟马逃归。”
  4. ^ 佐原笃介《拳乱纪闻》：“兵部尚书启秀因曾力助旧党，并曾奏保五台山僧人普静为圣僧，调令攻袭什库，八月廿七日为日兵拘禁。”

参考文献

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