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啊!乌干达,美丽之地

《啊!乌干达,美丽之地》
Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty.

 乌干达国歌
作词乔治·威伯福斯·卡科马英语George Wilberforce Kakoma
作曲乔治·威伯福斯·卡科马,1962年
采用1962年10月
此前国歌天佑女王
音频样本
美国海军乐队的演奏版本

啊!乌干达,美丽之地》(英语:Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty)为乌干达共和国国歌,由乌干达作曲家乔治·威伯福斯·卡科马英语George Wilberforce Kakoma作词作曲。1962年,乌干达脱离英国独立,该曲即被定为国歌。《啊!乌干达,美丽之地》是世界上最短的国歌之一,因此在公开场合演唱时经常重复唱颂。

历史

自1894年到1960年代非洲的非殖民化高峰期前,乌干达一直是英国在其殖民帝国中的保护国。[1][2]乌干达独立前夕,筹组了一个小组委员会为即将成立的国家确立国歌[3],并举行一场全国性比赛,其对国歌的标准是“简短、原创、庄严、赞美并展望未来”。[4][3]

最终,由乔治·威伯福斯·卡科马创作的歌词和曲调于1962年7月入选[3],他在作曲前一天晚上透过乌干达广播电台英语Uganda Broadcasting Corporation得知小组委员会对目前为止收到的参赛作品均不甚满意[3],于是在一天之内写出《啊!乌干达,美丽之地》,并成为入选的4首作品之一。[5] 1962年,乌干达脱离英国独立,《啊!乌干达,美丽之地》被正式采用为国歌[4][6],并在同年10月9日的独立庆祝活动上首次公开播放。[1][5]

卡科马随后于2008年起诉乌干达政府,声称其在作品被采用后并未获得足够的报酬,因此有权收取超过40年的版权使用费[5][7],并表示政府仅给予他2,000乌干达先令作为“谢礼”[5][7],在2008年相当于不足1英镑[7],而卡科马在乌干达上诉法院英语Court of Appeal of Uganda于2019年驳回此案前去世(1923年7月27日-2012年4月8日,88岁),法院认为《啊!乌干达,美丽之地》的版权归属于乌干达政府而非作曲者个人。[5]

歌词

英语[4][8] 卢干达语[9] 斯瓦希里语

I
Oh, Uganda! May God uphold thee,
We lay our future in thy hand;
United, free for liberty
together we'll always stand.

II
Oh, Uganda! The land of freedom,
Our love and labour we give;
And with neighbours all at our country's call
In peace and friendship we'll live.

III
Oh, Uganda! The land that feeds us,
By sun and fertile soil grown;
For our own dear land, we shall always stand,
The Pearl of Africa's Crown.

I
O Yuganda! Katonda akuwanirire,
Tussa eby'omumaso byaffe mu mikono gyo,
Mu bwegassi n'obuteefu, ku lw'obumu,
Tujjanga bulijjo kuyimirirawo!
 
II
O Yuganda! Ensi y'eddembe,
Okwagala n'okulusana tubikuwa,
Ne baliraanwa baffe boona, lw'omulanga gwensi yaffe,
Mu mirembe n'omukwano tunaberawo!

III
O Yuganda! Ensi etuliisa,
Lw'omusana n'obugimu bw'ettaka,
Lw'obugazi bw'ensi yaffe, tujja kuyimirira bulijjo,
Ekimasa ky'amakula ga Afirika!

I
Loo, Uganda! Mungu akusimamie,
Tunaweka mustakabali wetu mikononi mwako;
Umoja, bure kwa uhuru
pamoja tutasimama daima.

II
Loo, Uganda! Ardhi ya uhuru,
Tunatoa upendo wetu na kazi yetu;
Na pamoja na majirani wote katika wito wa nchi yetu
Kwa amani na urafiki tutaishi.

III
Loo, Uganda! Ardhi ambayo hutulisha,
Kwa jua na mchanga wenye rutuba uliopandwa;
Kwa ardhi yetu mpendwa, tutasimama daima,
Lulu ya Taji ya Afrika.

资料来源:[4][10]

结构

《啊!乌干达,美丽之地》全曲共有8个小节[注 1][14][15],与日本国歌《君之代》并列为世界上最短的国歌[16],《世界国歌》(National Anthems of the World)一书的编辑迈克尔·布里斯托(Michael Bristow)和英国音乐家菲利普·谢帕尔英语Philip Sheppard (musician)亦认为乌干达国歌是全球最短的国歌[17][18][19],因此《啊!乌干达,美丽之地》在国际足球比赛等公开场合演唱时,多会被重复唱颂。[14][20]

注释

  1. ^ 一些资料错误显示该曲长度为9个小节[11][12],因为其误将歌曲开头的弱起拍英语anacrusis当作完整的小节计入。[13]

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Ingham, Kenneth; Lyons, Maryinez. Uganda – History. Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. 2020-02-25 [2020-07-14]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-16) (英语). 
  2. ^ Uganda country profile. BBC News (BBC). 2018-05-10 [2020-07-14]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-13) (英国英语). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Musisi, Charles. Kakoma composed the anthem in a day. New Vision (Kampala). 2003-10-09 [2020-07-14]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-15) (英语). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Minahan, James B. The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems 1. ABC-CLIO. 2009-12-23: 929 [2020-08-16]. ISBN 9780313344978. (原始内容存档于2020-07-15) (英语). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Karugaba, Phillip; Kakongi, Tracy. Uganda: Copyright In The National Anthem. ENSafrica (Mondaq). 2019-08-15 [2020-07-15]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-15) (英语). 
  6. ^ Uganda. The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 2020-06-29 [2020-07-14]. (原始内容存档于2015-10-18) (英语). 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Michaels, Sean. Composer demands royalties from Uganda national anthem. The Guardian (London). 2008-10-03 [2020-07-15]. ISSN 0261-3077. (原始内容存档于2020-07-16) (英语). 
  8. ^ The National Anthem of Uganda. Embassy of the Republic of Uganda in Japan. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Uganda. [2020-07-15]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-15) (英语). 
  9. ^ Wambi Gulere, Cornelius. Oluyimba olwe Ggwanga Yuganda - The Ugandan National Anthem in Luganda. : 4 (卢干达语). 
  10. ^ The National Anthem of Uganda. Embassy of the Republic of Uganda in Japan. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Uganda. [2020-07-15]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-15) (英语). 
  11. ^ Hanks, Mark. Usefully Useless: Everything you'd Never Learn at School (But May Like to Know). Random House. 2012-04-30: 28 [2020-08-16]. ISBN 9781407074238. (原始内容存档于2020-07-15) (英语). 
  12. ^ The Big World of Fun Facts. Lonely Planet. 2019-11-01: 18 [2020-08-16]. ISBN 9781788686570. (原始内容存档于2020-07-16) (英语). 
  13. ^ Feist, Jonathan. Berklee Contemporary Music Notation. Hal Leonard Corporation. 2017-05-01: 47 [2020-08-16]. ISBN 9781540013002. (原始内容存档于2020-07-15). 
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 Sherwin, Adam. An Olympian challenge: To record all 205 national anthems. The Independent (London). 2011-09-26 [2020-07-15]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-15) (英语). 
  15. ^ Walker, Peter. London 2012 podium planners fight the fear of the upside-down flag. The Guardian (London). 2012-07-18 [2020-08-16]. ISSN 0261-3077. (原始内容存档于2020-07-15) (英国英语). 
  16. ^ Ten things about national anthems. Mail & Guardian (Johannesburg). 2012-09-21 [2020-07-15]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-15) (英语). 
  17. ^ Bristow, M. J. National Anthems of the World. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 2006 [2020-08-16]. ISBN 9781540013002. (原始内容存档于2020-07-15) (英语). 
  18. ^ Spencer, Clare. Is the British national anthem too short?. BBC News Magazine (BBC). 2011-07-27 [2020-07-15]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-15) (英国英语). 
  19. ^ An Olympian anthem arrangement. BBC Radio 4 Today (BBC). 2012-03-01 [2020-07-15]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-17) (英国英语). 
  20. ^ Wulf, Steve. Uganda team finally arrives at LLWS. ESPN (ESPN Internet Ventures). 2012-08-15 [2020-07-15]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-15) (英语). 

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