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可加性

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可加性是指对于某种变换来说,特定的“加法”和该变换的顺序可颠倒而不影响结果,这样一种性质。

例如对于两个实数 x 和 y,我们可以先执行加法 x+y、后把结果乘以二;也可以先各自乘以二然后再相加,两边结果是一样的。那么我们说变换“乘以二”具有可加性。

定义

[编辑]

一个函数f:A→B,其定义域A和陪域B上分别定义了某种加法。若该函数满足:∀x,y∈A,有。则称f对于满足可加性。在上下文对于都很明确的情况下,通常简称为 f 满足可加性,亦称f为可加函数

若上述函数f满足:∀有限集,有,则称f满足有限可加性

若上述函数f满足:∀可列集,有,则称f满足可列可加性

示例

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  • 定积分的可加性:设 ,那么——积分区间是可加的。
  • 集函数的可加性:定义域为集类S,值域为[0, ∞]上的广义实值集函数f,若:
    • ,有,则称f为可加的。
    • ,有,则称f为有限可加的。
    • ,有,则称f为可列可加的。
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可加性
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