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反潜导弹

反潜导弹(中国大陆作反潜导弹,台湾作火箭助飞鱼雷[1],是一种靠空中飞行加快速度的鱼雷,主要用于攻击潜航于水下的潜艇

发明

火箭助飞鱼雷的发明基于因为鱼雷于水中航行时,水阻力大大减慢了速度,而使鱼雷杀伤力减弱。为了增加射程、提高速度、增加杀伤力和加深下潜深度,美国于1960年代研发了第一代火箭助飞鱼雷——RUR-5 ASROC(又常直接音译为“阿斯洛克”)。

同类武器

下面列出的是世界各国正在使用或曾经开发、操作过的反潜导弹,或功能类似的武器:

特点

火箭助飞鱼雷最大的特点是鱼雷先于舰艇(主要是驱逐舰巡防舰潜艇)上点燃助推火箭发射,由火箭空中飞行从而加快其速度,后再与鱼雷分开,使鱼雷自行飞行。当鱼雷到达预定地点,便会打开降落伞并自动入水,找寻和攻击目标[2]入水后,降落伞会因冲击而自然分离。而鱼雷则会开启发动机推进,找寻目标。最后,火箭助飞鱼雷便会与普通鱼雷一样,击毁目标。

火箭助飞鱼雷主要由火箭飞行器和自导鱼雷组成。其优点是先由火箭助推,增加速度和避开了水的阻力。火箭助飞鱼雷具有传统鱼雷没有的优点——包括更远的射程、飞行状态中不会被潜艇声纳探测、潜艇反制时间短,与可以大范围覆盖使用等。

反潜导弹的飞行速度最高为跨音速,射程于数公里到六十公里之内,能够攻击水下40至1000米深的目标。

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ http://military.people.com.cn/n1/2016/0513/c1011-28346713.html
  2. ^ 火箭助飛魚雷. 人民网. (原始内容存档于2016-03-04). 
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反潜导弹
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