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卷棚顶

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颐和园苏州街的悬山式卷棚顶建筑
北京四合院的卷棚顶

卷棚顶,即卷棚式屋顶,又称元宝顶,是中国传统建筑、朝鲜传统建筑、越南传统建筑的一种屋顶样式

卷棚顶是两坡出水,其特征在于前后两坡相接处没有明显外露的正脊,而是成弧线曲面。根据左右山墙悬山式硬山式不同,卷棚顶可分为悬山卷棚、硬山卷棚,另外,卷棚顶也可以是歇山式,因此可以看作是歇山、悬山、硬山的变形。

卷棚顶线条流畅、风格平缓,在中国多用于园林建筑以及宫殿中宦官佣人等所居的边房。承德避暑山庄宫殿区建筑都采用了卷棚顶,以表现此为离宫,和正式宫廷相区分。

朝鲜昌德宫作为王妃寝殿的大造殿朝鲜语창덕궁 대조전也使用卷棚顶。

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一般认为,卷棚省略了屋顶的大脊,好处是降低了屋顶高度,减少了木料的浪费。另一方面也是出于规避礼制的需要。高等级的屋顶样式,比如带正脊的歇山顶,一般人家是无权使用的,但卷棚歇山顶对此就不限制。

起源

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卷棚顶脱胎于宋代的卷棚廊,在明清单体建筑上大范围应用。

参考文献

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参见

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卷棚顶
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