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卵生 (佛教)

卵生(梵语:aṇḍa-ja)[1]佛教术语,意为从卵壳中出生者,为四生(四种众生出生的方式)之一。[2]和生物学的卵生(Oviparity)和卵胎生(Ovoviviparity)概念基本相同。

概论

卵生,意为有情从卵中破壳而生出,不同于化生(从空无中自然变化生出)、胎生(从母胎中生出)、湿生(如蚊虫在湿润处由湿气生出),[2]孔雀鹦鹉、部分的大鹏金翅鸟等。[3]大毗婆沙论》认为欲界天中的妙色鸟亦为卵生,只是其死亡尸骸会被暴风卷往远处,故不为天人所见。[4]

四生并非和“物种”或六道众生种类一一对应,如傍生四种生育方式皆有,其中世罗、邬波世罗两位阿罗汉即从卵中而生[5]。《楞严经》亦认为遍布于各道中的阿修罗各有不同诞生方式,其中饿鬼道之阿修罗为卵生。[6]

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ 丁福保. 链接至维基文库 四生. 《佛学大辞典》. 维基文库. 1922 (中文). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 慈怡法师主编. 〈四生〉. 《佛光大辞典》 (高雄县大树乡: 佛光). 1988. ISBN 9789575433307 (中文(台湾)). 
  3. ^ 《阿毗达磨集异门足论》卷第九:若诸有情从卵而生,谓在卵[谷-禾+卵],先为卵[谷-禾+卵]之所缠裹,后破卵[谷-禾+卵]方得出生。此复云何?如鹅、雁、孔雀、[至+鸟]鹆、鹦鹉、春鹦、离黄、命命鸟等,及一类,一类妙翅,并一类人。复有所余诸有情类从卵而生。谓在卵[谷-禾+卵]先为卵[谷-禾+卵]之所缠裹,后破卵[谷-禾+卵]方出生者,皆名卵生。
  4. ^ 《大毗婆沙论》卷一百二十:“问:欲界天中诸妙色鸟为卵生?为化生耶?若卵生者,彼命终已,应有尸骸,是则诸天应见秽色。然诸天众于六处门常对妙境,如契经说,彼眼所见一切可爱,适意平等,乃至意所知亦尔。若是化生,前化生中何故不说?答:彼皆卵生。问:若尔,彼命终已,应有尸骸,云何诸天见秽色耶?答:彼命终未久,有暴风飘举其尸,远弃他处。”
  5. ^ 《大毗婆沙论》卷一百二十:“傍生人趣皆具四生。人卵生者。昔于此洲有商人。入海得一雌鹤。形色伟丽奇而悦之。遂生二卵。于后卵开出二童子端正聪慧。年长出家。皆得阿罗汉果。小者名邬波世罗。大者名世罗。”
  6. ^ 《楞严经》卷九:“是三界中,复有四种阿修罗类。若于鬼道以护法力,乘通入空,此阿修罗从卵而生,鬼趣所摄。”
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卵生 (佛教)
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