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十字架二

十字架二A/B

十字架二的位置
观测资料
历元 J2000
星座 南十字座
星官 十字架近南极星区
赤经 12h 26m 35.9s[1][2]
赤纬 −63° 05' 57"[1][2]
视星等(V) 0.77 (1.33+1.75+4.86+15.00)[3]
特性
光谱分类B0.5IV/B1V[4]
U−B 色指数−1.03
B−V 色指数−0.08
变星类型?
天体测定
径向速度 (Rv)−11.2 / −0.6[5] km/s
自行 (μ) 赤经:−35.83[1][2] mas/yr
赤纬:−14.86[1][2] mas/yr
视差 (π)10.17 ± 0.67 mas
距离320 ± 20 ly
(98 ± 6 pc)
绝对星等 (MV)−4.19/−3.79
其他命名
α1 Crucis/α2 Crusis, HR 4730/4731, CD -62°2745, HD 108248/108249, SAO 251904, FK5 462, HIP 60718.
参考数据库
SIMBAD资料

十字架二α Cru / 南十字座α)是南十字座内最亮的恒星,也是夜空中第13亮的恒星,视星等0.77。[6]在西方称为Acrux

十字架二是出现在澳洲新西兰国旗上的南十字座五颗星中之一,他也出现在巴西国旗上的南十字座内,与旗帜上的26颗星各自分别代表一个州,他代表的是圣保罗州(São Paulo)。[7]

十字架二的位置大约在南纬60°,要在北回归线以南的地区才能看见。尽管如此,由于地球的晃动,古印度的天文学家称他为三炫谷(Tri-shanku),古老的印度梵文也以代表吉祥的万字符号(卍)代表南十字座。在梵文,以意思是非常稳定Dhruva称呼北极星,而以意义是不稳定非常糟糕Tri-shanku和神话故事来称呼南十字二,以隐喻其难以捉摸的运动。其实十字架二只是南十字座简单组合中的一颗星,他是最南边的一颗亮星,比半人马座南门二(半人马座α)更为偏南。

十字架二是一个距离太阳系320光年远的三合星系统,[1][2][8]但以目视观测只能分辨出两颗星。α1和α2之间相距只有4弧秒。α1的光度是1.40等,α2是2.09等,两颗星都是高温的B型星(接近O型星),表面温度分别是28,000和26,000K,个别的亮度分别是太阳的25,000和16,000倍。α1和α2的轨道周期非常长,使得这两颗星看起来几乎是静止不动。由两颗星最小的距离只有430天文单位估计,轨道周期有1,500年之久,而且可能还会更长。

α1本身还是一颗光谱联星,两者的质量分别是太阳的14倍和10倍,以76天的周期在相距1天文单位的距离上互绕。α2和更亮的伴星α1的质量建议这些恒星有一天将会成为超新星。α1比较暗的那一颗伴星,将会成为大质量的白矮星继续他的余生。

有一颗距离十字架二三合星系统90弧秒的B型次巨星,可能会对十字架二产生重力上的影响。然而,如果他确实在十字架二的附近,相较于他的光谱类型,光度就显得太暗了。[9][10]所以他可能只是一颗光学双星,与太阳系的距离可能是十字架二的两倍,也就是与十字架二的距离像太阳系一样远。[11]

参考来源

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Perryman, M. A. C.; Lindegren, L.; Kovalevsky, J.; et al, The Hipparcos Catalogue, Astronomy and Astrophysics, July 1997, 323: L49–L52, Bibcode:1997A&A...323L..49P 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 van Leeuwen, F., Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction, Astronomy and Astrophysics, November 2007, 474 (2): 653–664, Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V, arXiv:0708.1752可免费查阅, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 
  3. ^ Tokovinin, A. A. MSC - a catalogue of physical multiple stars. Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 1997, 124 (1): 75–84. Bibcode:1997A&AS..124...75T. ISSN 0365-0138. doi:10.1051/aas:1997181. 
  4. ^ Houk, Nancy, Michigan catalogue of two-dimensional spectral types for the HD stars, Ann Arbor : Dept. of Astronomy (Ann Arbor, Michigan: Dept. of Astronomy, University of Michigan), 1979, 1, Bibcode:1978mcts.book.....H 
  5. ^ Wilson, Ralph Elmer. General Catalogue of Stellar Radial Velocities. Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington. 1953. Bibcode:1953QB901.W495...... 
  6. ^ David Darling. Acrux (Alpha Crucis). [2009-09-06]. (原始内容存档于2013-10-10). 
  7. ^ Astronomy of the Brazilian Flag. FOTW Flags Of The World website. [2016-06-01]. (原始内容存档于2009-06-28). 
  8. ^ Perryman, Michael, The Making of History's Greatest Star Map, The Making of History's Greatest Star Map:, Astronomers’ Universe (Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag), 2010, Bibcode:2010mhgs.book.....P, ISBN 978-3-642-11601-8, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-11602-5 
  9. ^ Shatsky, N.; Tokovinin, A. The mass ratio distribution of B-type visual binaries in the Sco OB2 association. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2002, 382: 92. Bibcode:2002A&A...382...92S. arXiv:astro-ph/0109456可免费查阅. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011542. 
  10. ^ Eggleton, Peter; Tokovinin, A. A catalogue of multiplicity among bright stellar systems. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2008, 389 (2): 869. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.389..869E. arXiv:0806.2878可免费查阅. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13596.x. 
  11. ^ Kaler, Jim. ACRUX. [5 August 2012]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-13). 

外部链接

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十字架二
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