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匠户

匠户，是元朝诸色户计（户籍制度）的一种。明朝保留了下来。

元朝政府强迫人民必须世袭其职业，匠户由于有特殊技能，尤其受到重视。匠户在户籍上自成一类，必须在官府的手工业局、院中服务，接受官府管理，不许任意改变户籍。有些富裕工匠成为匠官。

由于所分配到的工作与个人专长未必相符，又不能改变，许多匠户常被迫自行出钱雇别人代工，沉重的负担往往使匠户家破人亡：如明太祖朱元璋的父、祖本为“淘金户”，但因家乡已无金可淘，被迫种田购买黄金交差，不久即破产，全家逃亡。

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匠户
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