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功山寺举兵

高杉晋作举兵像(功山寺境内)

功山寺举兵(こうざんじきょへい)是元治元年12月15日(1865年1月12日)高杉晋作为打倒长州藩俗论派在功山寺下关市长府)发起的政变。也称回天义举。以此为发端,长州藩内一连串的纷争称作元治之内乱。其后引发大田绘堂之战

经过

背景

长州藩因禁门之变而成为朝敌,引起第一次长州征伐,三家老(国司亲相・益田亲施・福原元僴)切腹,藩政的实权由椋梨藤太的俗论派掌握。俗论派对长州正义派实行严酷的肃清,周布政之助被判切腹,井上闻多遭到袭撃,身受重伤。之后,俗论派将潜居功山寺的五卿(三条实美・三条西季知・东久世通禧・壬生基修・四条隆歌)移送太宰府,导致志士完全失去后盾,强化对志士的肃清。

躲过俗论派肃清的高杉晋作,逃到福冈的平尾山庄投靠野村望东尼,后得知五卿移送之事,返回下关,力促奇兵队决起,但是,被山县狂介以时期尚早为由反对。其他诸队也多持反对的态度。

举兵

功山寺集结的仅有伊藤俊辅率领的力士队和石川小五郎率领的游撃队共84人。以死为觉悟的高杉留下遗书,向功山寺的三条实美等五卿致意后,为征集物资,袭撃下关新地会所,迫使根来亲祐(根来上总)降伏,占领当地。之后,由18名(或20名)组成的决死队攻入三田尻的海军局,夺取“丙辰丸”等3只军舰

战后

举兵之报广为流传后,获得井上闻多・品川弥二郎山田显义河上彦斋等人的呼应,付近的领民也集结为义勇兵。采取观望的奇兵队的山县狂介和其他诸队也在势力增大后协助高杉。

俗论派藩政府为了报复,将囚禁在野山狱的正义派11名(甲子殉难十一烈士)斩首,命令清水亲知切腹。元治2年正月6日(1865年2月1日)[1],诸队在大田・绘堂之战撃破藩的正规军,藩论转向倒幕

主要参加者

脚注

  1. ^ 大田・絵堂の戦い. [2016-03-31]. (原始内容存档于2016-02-20). 

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功山寺举兵
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