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主序前星

主序前星,又称前主序星前主序天体(英语:Pre-main-sequence star)是尚未成为主序星的恒星。它可以是金牛T星猎户FU型变星(质量小于2太阳质量),或是赫比格Ae/Be星(2至8太阳质量)。[1][2][3]在恒星越过恒星诞生线前,这些主序前星称为原恒星,并通常有致密的星际物质构成的包层环绕。在结束原恒星阶段后,恒星继续收缩,直至内部氢元素开始燃烧,此时结束主序前星阶段,进入零龄主序英语Zero age main sequence[4]

这些天体的能量来自于引力收缩(相对于主序星氢融合)。在赫罗图,主序带前阶段,质量在0.5太阳质量以上的恒星,将先沿着林轨迹(几乎垂直向下),然后沿着亨耶迹(几乎水平向左的朝向主序带)移动。[5]

通过光谱的测量和对温度与重力间的交互作用,主序前星能够从主序星中分辨出来。同等质量的前主序星的半径比主序星更大,因此表面引力更低。

在周围的物质都落入中心的恒星之前,它都被视为原恒星。当周围的气体和尘粒消散,吸积的过程停止,这颗恒星才能成为主序前星。

当主序前星越过恒星诞生线之后,便能在可见光下被观测到,而主序前星阶段维持的时间在恒星的生命中低于1%(对比下,恒星生命大约有80%在主序带上)。在此之前,这些主序前星称为原恒星

赫比格-阿罗天体(Herbig-Haro objects)是一类发射星云,其极向可见显著的喷流。一般认为其核心是一颗有原行星盘的原恒星,这是主序前星尚未开始核燃烧的早期形式。

一般相信在这个阶段的恒星有密集的星周盘,也是行星可能形成的场所。

参考资料

[编辑]
  1. ^ Richard B. Larson. The physics of star formation (PDF). Reports on Progress in Physics. 10 September 2003, 66 (10): 1669–1673 [2020-10-02]. Bibcode:2003RPPh...66.1651L. arXiv:astro-ph/0306595可免费查阅. doi:10.1088/0034-4885/66/10/r03. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2018-10-08). 
  2. ^ Appenzeller, I; Mundt, R. T Tauri stars. The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review. 1989, 1 (3–4): 291. Bibcode:1989A&ARv...1..291A. doi:10.1007/BF00873081. 
  3. ^ V. Mannings & A. Sargent (2000) High-resolution studies of gas and dust around young intermediate-mass stars: II. observations of an additional sample of Herbig Ae/Be systems. Astrophysical Journal, vol. 529, p. 391
  4. ^ Zero Age Main Sequence | COSMOS. astronomy.swin.edu.au. [2020-10-02]. (原始内容存档于2020-08-15). 
  5. ^ Bernasconi, P. A.; Maeder, A. About the absence of a proper zero age main sequence for massive stars.. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 1996-03-01, 307: 829–839. ISSN 0004-6361. 
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主序前星
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