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公孙卿.
公孙卿(?—?),西汉方士。齐国(治今山东淄博市临淄)人。
元鼎四年(前113年)秋天,汉武帝临幸雍县,将要进行郊祭。有人建议:应该建立太一坛,由汉武帝亲临祭祀它。汉武帝时汾阳祠后土时,汾阳巫锦说河东民掘得古鼎一座,把古鼎献给汉武帝,迎至甘泉宫。汉武帝正犹豫不决时,公孙卿献上“札书”,“今年得了宝鼎,其冬辛巳朔旦冬至,和黄帝时代正好相同。黄帝得宝鼎后,骑龙升天。” 武帝大喜,任用他为郎。公孙卿自言能通神仙。多次称见到仙人踪迹,随武帝东巡海上,迎合武帝迷信求仙,升为中大夫。元鼎六年(前111年),公孙卿说在缑氏城见到仙人迹,汉武帝亲自到缑氏城查看,希望遇到仙人。汉武帝建筑宫馆名山,作通天台,来召神仙。齐人以此上疏奏称神怪的有上万人。武帝根据他的妄说,先后派数千人至海上名山求神。太初元年(前104年),汉武帝命公孙卿、壶遂、司马迁等人“议造汉历”。即征募民间天文学家二十余人,共提出了十八种改历方案。经过辩论和实测,最后选定邓平的方案,名为太初历。太初历以冬至所在之月为十一月,以正月为岁首,以没有中气的月为闰月。
参考文献
- 《史记》卷12《武帝本纪》
- 《史记》卷28《封禅书》
- 《汉书》卷25《郊祀志》
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