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全概率定理

全概率定理(Law of total probability),假设{ Bn : n = 1, 2, 3, ... } 是一个概率空间的有限或者可数无限的分割(既 Bn为一完备事件组),且每个集合Bn是一个可测集合,则对任意事件A全概率公式

又因为

此处Pr(A | B)是B发生后A条件概率,所以全概率公式又可写作:

全概率公式将对一复杂事件A的概率求解问题转化为了在不同情况或不同原因 Bn下发生的简单事件的概率的求和问题。

条件概率的期望

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在离散情况下,上述公式等于下面这个公式。但后者在连续情况下仍然成立:

此处N是任意随机变量

这个公式还可以表达为:

"A先验概率等于A后验概率的事前期望

参见

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全概率定理
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