免疫衰老
免疫衰老（英语：immunosenescence）是一种随着年岁的增长，免疫系统逐渐退化的过程。在2020年的一项研究指出，后天免疫系统比先天免疫系统更受老化影响。[1]免疫系统包括生物对感染及免疫的长期记忆。由年龄引起的免疫缺陷在长寿及不长寿的物种也存在。[2]
免疫衰老现象，已在猴子及老鼠等动物研究过 [3][4][5]。免疫衰老是一个导致老年死亡重大的原因。免疫老化，与株落失能和T-细胞灭绝, 是造成免疫系统失灵的重大原因。不过，T-细胞减少及株落失能仍有机会逆转，但截止2020年，没有任何方法及技术，可以逆转免疫衰老。[6][7]
免疫衰老，并不是一种随机的退化现象。相反，它似乎概括了一种逆向的演化模式。大多数受免疫老化影响的因素，似乎都受到遗传与基因的控制。[8]
参考文献
- ^ Pangrazzi L, Weinberger B. T cells, aging and senescence. Experimental Gerontology. February 2020, 134: 110887. PMID 32092501. S2CID 211237913. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2020.110887.
- ^ Ginaldi L, Loreto MF, Corsi MP, Modesti M, De Martinis M. Immunosenescence and infectious diseases. Microbes and Infection. August 2001, 3 (10): 851–857. PMID 11580980. doi:10.1016/S1286-4579(01)01443-5.
- ^ Letendre C, Sawyer E, Young LJ, Old JM. Immunosenescence in a captive semelparous marsupial, the red-tailed phascogale (Phascogale calura). BMC Zoology. 2018, 3: 10. S2CID 53496572. doi:10.1186/s40850-018-0036-3
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- ^ Letendre C, Young LJ, Old JM. Limitations in the isolation and stimulation of splenic mononuclear cells in a dasyurid marsupial, Phascogale calura. BMC Research Notes. October 2018, 11 (1): 712. PMC 6180634 . PMID 30305168. doi:10.1186/s13104-018-3824-5 .
- ^ Nikolich-Zugich J, Rudd BD. Immune memory and aging: an infinite or finite resource?. Current Opinion in Immunology. August 2010, 22 (4): 535–540. PMC 2925022 . PMID 20674320. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2010.06.011.
- ^ Crespo J, Sun H, Welling TH, Tian Z, Zou W. T cell anergy, exhaustion, senescence, and stemness in the tumor microenvironment. Current Opinion in Immunology. April 2013, 25 (2): 214–221. PMC 3636159 . PMID 23298609. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2012.12.003.
- ^ Zhang Z, Liu S, Zhang B, Qiao L, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. T Cell Dysfunction and Exhaustion in Cancer. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 2020, 8: 17. PMC 7027373 . PMID 32117960. doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.00017 （英语）.
- ^ Franceschi C, Valensin S, Fagnoni F, Barbi C, Bonafè M. Biomarkers of immunosenescence within an evolutionary perspective: the challenge of heterogeneity and the role of antigenic load. Experimental Gerontology. December 1999, 34 (8): 911–921. PMID 10673145. S2CID 32614875. doi:10.1016/S0531-5565(99)00068-6.
参考
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