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五声调式 ,或称五声音阶 ,是由五个音构成的一种调式。但不是随意五个音构成的调式都是五声调式,五声调式是由按照纯五度排列起来的五个音所构成。最出名的五声音阶是中国传统音乐 ,西洋音乐史上首先在苏格兰民谣中出现。日本的传统乐曲也是使用五声音阶。
五声调式的特点主要有两个:[1]
缺乏有尖锐倾向的音程如半音 、三整音 ,只有一个大三度(小六度),这在中国五声音阶 中由宫音和角音形成;
基础音调为大二度和小三度形成的三音组。 世界上有许多国家的传统音乐听起来都像五声音阶,如东亚区域(中国、日本等)和其他区域(越南、爪哇、安第斯山脉、不丹)的音乐听起来就像五声音阶。五声音阶是指与西洋七声音阶 对应的调式。中国音乐的五声音阶 可以很明显的在京剧 中体会,虽然京剧也有采用变宫、变徵等音阶。此外,实际的旋律仍然是使用五声音阶。
在巴里岛和乌干达,他们的五声音阶平均分布一个八度。
音名
唱名
使用范围(日本)
使用范围(日本以外)
与中古调式 的比较
C、D、E、G、A
Do, Re, Mi, Sol, La
吕音阶、律音阶、阳音阶
苏格兰民歌、波希米亚、中国、印度、南美等
省略四级音和七级音的自然大调
C, D, ♭E, G, A
Do, Re, 降Mi, Sol, La
阴音阶(上行形)
无
省略四级音和七级音的多利亚调式
C, D, ♭E, G, ♭A
Do, Re, 降Mi, Sol, 降La
阴音阶(下行形)
无
省略四级音和七级音的自然小调
C, ♭D, ♭E, G, ♭A
Do, 降Re, 降Mi, Sol, 降La
甘美朗
省略四级音和七级音的弗里几亚调式
C, ♭D, ♭E, ♭G, ♭A
Do,降Re,降Mi,降Sol,降La
无
甘美朗
省略四级音和七级音的洛克利亚调式
^ 李重光. 第五章 以五聲音階為基礎的各種調式. 音樂理論基礎. 人民音乐出版社 . 1979: 47.
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