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乳房初长

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乳房初长(Thelarche)是指乳房的第二次发育[1],一般是出现在女性青春期的初期。乳房初长一开始会出现在乳头乳晕中心的下方,是一个小而紧实的隆起物。乳房初长也会称为“胸蕾”(breast bud),对应谭纳标准阶段二的乳房发育(谭纳标准的阶段一是乳房维持在青春期前未发育的情形)。乳房初长可能会出现在单侧的乳房,也可能两侧乳房同时出现。

乳房初长是60%的女性在进入青春期时,第一个出现的身体变化,一般是在八岁以后,原因是因为雌二醇浓度的提高。女性的两侧乳房不一样大是很正常的,尤其在乳房发育期间也容易出现。根据统计数据来看,比较常出现左侧乳房大一点点的情形[2]。极少数的情形下,两侧乳房的大小会有明显的差异,甚至一个乳房完全没有发育。

虽然有些男性的青春期也会有乳房发育的的情形,不过这称为男性乳房发育症,多半也不会用“乳房初长”来描述男性乳房的发育。

若乳房初长太早出现,这可能是真性早熟症英语precocious puberty的第一个表征。不过若没有伴随其他青春期或是性激素的变化,算是乳房早熟英语premature thelarche,一般不需特别进行治疗。

乳房初长变异

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乳房初长变异是介于乳房早熟症及性早熟症之间的情形[3][4][3]。乳房初长变异一般会伴随阴毛的发育(阴毛初现)以及骨骼的成长,不过乳房初长变异不像性早熟症,这些发育不意味着性发育的成熟[3][5]

乳房初长的种族差异

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乳房初长的平均年龄也会随种族而不同[6][7][8]。美国非裔女性的乳房初长年龄约在8.9至9.5岁、高加索裔约在10-10.4岁、西班牙裔约在9.8岁[6][7]

相关条目

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青春期现象

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参考文献

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  1. ^ Dictionary.com > thelarche页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Citing:
    • The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary
    Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995
    • Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary, © 2007
  2. ^ C.W. Loughry; et al. Breast volume measurement of 598 women using biostereometric analysis. Annals of Plastic Surgery. 1989, 22 (5): 380–385. PMID 2729845. doi:10.1097/00000637-198905000-00002. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Sultan, Charles. Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology: Evidence-based Clinical Practice. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. 2004-01-01. ISBN 9783805576239. 
  4. ^ Sultan, C. Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. 2012-07-30. ISBN 9783805593373. 
  5. ^ Balen, Adam H.; Creighton, Sarah M.; Davies, Melanie C.; MacDougall, Jane; Stanhope, Richard. Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Cambridge University Press. 2004-04-01. ISBN 9781107320185. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Colvin, Caroline Wingo; Abdullatif, Hussein. Anatomy of female puberty: The clinical relevance of developmental changes in the reproductive system. Clinical Anatomy. 2012-09-19, 26 (1): 115–129. ISSN 0897-3806. doi:10.1002/ca.22164. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Sanfilippo, Joseph S.; Lara-Torre, Eduardo; Edmonds, D. Keith; Templeman, Claire (编). Clinical Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. ISBN 9780203091784. OCLC 992561838. 
  8. ^ Bauer, Andrew J.; Francis, Gary L.; Poth, Merrily. Review of Precocious Puberty: Part III—Premature Thelarche and Premature Adrenarche. Variations of Normal?. The Endocrinologist. May 2001, 11 (3): 196–203. ISSN 1051-2144. doi:10.1097/00019616-200105000-00006. 

外部链接

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青春期资讯

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乳房初长
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