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驾束制导

AN/SPG-55火控雷达英语AN/SPG-55的驾束制导模式

驾束制导(英语:beam-riding)是一种透过火控雷达无线电波束或激光指示器激光光束将导弹引导至目标的技术,可让导弹沿着发射的波束飞行。驾束制导是最简单的制导系统之一,被广泛用于早期导弹系统​​,但由于自身的特性而只能用于短程导弹制导。[1]

特性

驾束制导常被分类于指令制导的半自动视线指令制导体系中,但驾束制导与指令制导的定义本身有相当的差异。指令制导体系的制导由发射器、火控雷达等外部装置控制,导弹本身仅通过数据链路被动地接收操作指令;而驾束制导导弹系统的制导装置及处理器则安装于导弹内,并通过持续侦测波束与导弹的相对位置,从而自行操控导弹保持在波束中央。[1]由于制导装置的差异,使得某些通过模仿导弹尾焰信号以干扰制导的红外线干扰器较难对驾束制导导弹起作用。[2]

发射者在确认目标之后,操作火控雷达或激光指示器发射制导波束,并持续指向目标、配合目标移动。[3]如此导弹在发射之后会进入并沿着制导波束飞行,最终抵达位于波束上的目标。[4]驾束制导导弹的寻标器通常位于导弹后方,可接收无线电波束或属于近红外线光谱的激光制导波束。[4][5]由于发射制导波束的雷达必须持续操控指向,因此使用于空对空导弹方面对飞行员的工作压力较大,除了少数早期的产品以外,大多数的驾束制导导弹为陆上或者是舰上系统。驾束制导系统中,由火控雷达产生的无线电制导波束会随着距离逐渐发散,导致导弹随着距离逐渐摆荡飞行,而激光指示器发射的激光制导波束则可降低发散效果,且激光制导波束通常功率较低,仅约激光测距仪的百分之一,因此较不易触发激光告警接收器英语Laser warning receiver的警报。[3][6]

有些激光制导武器同时具备驾束制导及半有源激光制导英语Laser guidance两种攻击模式,使发射者能视情况切换为更有效的方式。[1]

导弹系统

反坦克导弹

防空导弹

特殊

参见

参考资料

引文

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Maini & Maini 2015,第79页.
  2. ^ Hensoldt MUSS 2.0. Hensoldt. [15 June 2024]. (原始内容存档于2024-04-06). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Maini & Maini 2015,第80页.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Richardson & Mubarak 2006,第146页.
  5. ^ Richardson & Mubarak 2006,第150页.
  6. ^ Richardson & Mubarak 2006,第V页.

书目

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驾束制导
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