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临界现象

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临界现象(critical phenomenon)是指和热力学临界点有关的物理现象的通称[1]。其中大部分和相关长度英语correlation length的发散有关,而其中的系统动态也会变慢。临界现象包括不同物理量之间的缩放关系、一些物理量的幂定律发散(如铁磁性材料的磁化率,用临界指数来描述)、普遍性分形行为、遍历性等。临界现象会发生在二阶相变,不过也发生在其他情形下。

临界现象一般会和平均场论有许多不同,后者不考虑相关长度的发散,在离相变很远处有效。系统临界现象中的许多性质都可以由重整化群的框架下推导。像易辛模型也是临界现象的例子之一。

相关条目

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参考资料

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  1. ^ 词条作者:欧阳钟灿.《中国大百科全书》74卷(第二版)物理学 词条:临界现象:中国大百科全书出版社,2009-07:334-335页. 

阅读

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  • Zinn-Justin. Critical phenomena QFT.
  • Peskin-Schroeder. Intro QFT.
  • Kleiner. Critical properties of phi-4 theories
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临界现象
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