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临界指数

临界指数(英语:critical exponent)是物理学中用来描述物理量在临界点附近行为的指数。尽管没有得到严格证明,实验表明临界指数具有普适性,与具体的物理系统无关,仅和系统维度、关联长度与自旋维度有关。

对于四维及以上的系统,可以通过平均场理论计算得到临界指数。但对于低维系统而言平均场理论不再适用,需使用重整化群方法进行研究。

定义

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假设相变出现在临界温度Tc处。为研究临界温度附近物理量 f 的行为,我们引入约化温度

相变即发生于约化温度为0时。于是,可以定义临界指数:

相应的幂律关系为

这代表了τ → 0时函数f(τ)的渐近行为。更加普遍地,我们有

参考文献

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  • Hagen Kleinert and Verena Schulte-Frohlinde, Critical Properties of φ4-Theories页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆, World Scientific (Singapore, 2001); Paperback ISBN 981-02-4658-7
  • Toda, M., Kubo, R., N. Saito, Statistical Physics I, Springer-Verlag (Berlin, 1983); Hardcover ISBN 3-540-11460-2
  • J.M.Yeomans, Statistical Mechanics of Phase Transitions, Oxford Clarendon Press
  • H. E. Stanley Introduction to Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, Oxford University Press, 1971
  • A. Bunde and S. Havlin (editors), Fractals in Science页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆, Springer, 1995
  • A. Bunde and S. Havlin (editors), Fractals and Disordered Systems页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆, Springer, 1996
  • Universality classes from Sklogwiki
  • Zinn-Justin, Jean (2002). Quantum field theory and critical phenomena, Oxford, Clarendon Press (2002), ISBN 0-19-850923-5
  • Zinn-Justin, J. (2010). "Critical phenomena: field theoretical approach"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Scholarpedia article Scholarpedia, 5(5):8346.
  • F. Leonard and B. Delamotte Critical exponents can be different on the two sides of a transition: A generic mechanism https://arxiv.org/abs/1508.07852(页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)]
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临界指数
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