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中龙属

中龙属
化石时期:二叠纪前期, 299–280 Ma
中龙重建图
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 爬行纲 Reptilia
演化支 副爬行动物 Parareptilia
目: 中龙目 Mesosauria
科: 中龙科 Mesosauridae
属: 中龙属 Mesosaurus
Gervais, 1864-66
模式种
细齿中龙
Mesosaurus tenuidens

Gervais, 1864-66
异名
  • 巴西中龙 M. brasiliensis
    McGregor, 1908
  • Ditrochosaurus capensis
    Gurich, 1889
  • 南非中龙 M. capensis
    (Gurich, 1889)

中龙属属名Mesosaurus)是一种小型水生爬行动物,生存于二叠纪早期的南美洲南非。身长可达1。生活于盐湖之中[1]

古生物学

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中龙骨骸
中龙的化石

中龙是最早回到水中生存的爬行动物之一,身长约1米,牠的脚掌有蹼,身体呈流线型,长尾巴呈鳍状。因为后腿比较长,加上尾巴灵活,被推测是用来在水中推动身体往前进。中龙的身体灵活,使牠们可以轻易地做出侧向运动、向前推进,但因为粗厚的肋骨,牠们不能扭转身体[2]

中龙拥有小的头骨与长的颌部,鼻孔位在尖端,使得中龙可以在水面下用鼻孔呼吸,类似现代鳄鱼。中龙的最明显特征是众多且细的牙齿。每个牙齿都位在齿槽里,但过细的牙齿难以抓到猎物。所以中龙被认为用牙齿来从水中过滤浮游生物

目前最早的羊膜动物胚胎化石是中龙属的胚胎;其胚胎的长嘴上具有一个钉子状的小突起,部分学者认为这是卵齿(egg tooth),用来顶破卵壳或卵膜[3]

二叠纪三叠纪期间的重要代表化石分布,被视为是大陆漂移的证据:
  犬颌兽属Cynognathus
  中龙属Mesosaurus
  水龙兽属Lystrosaurus
  舌羊齿属Glossopteris

地理分布

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中龙的化石仅发现于非洲南部和南美洲的陆相地层中。魏格纳将此种爬行类化石,作为他的大陆漂移学说的重要证据之一。中龙被推测生活在盐湖中。在非洲南部和南美洲发现牠们,说明非洲和南美原先曾是连接在一起的一个大陆,名为冈瓦那大陆

参考文献

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  1. ^ Piñeiro, Graciela; Ramos, Alejandro; Goso, César; Scarabino, Fabrizio; Laurin, Michel. Unusual Environmental Conditions Preserve a Permian Mesosaur-Bearing Konservat-Lagerstätte from Uruguay. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 2012-06, 57 (2): 299–318. ISSN 0567-7920. doi:10.4202/app.2010.0113. 
  2. ^ Palmer, D. (编). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. 1999: 65. ISBN 1-84028-152-9. 
  3. ^ Piñeiro, Graciela; Ferigolo, Jorge; Meneghel, Melitta; Laurin, Michel. The oldest known amniotic embryos suggest viviparity in mesosaurs. Historical Biology. 2012-12, 24 (6): 620–630. ISSN 0891-2963. doi:10.1080/08912963.2012.662230. 
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中龙属
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