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东马

砂拉越沙巴纳闽组成的东马
位于婆罗洲北婆三邦的东马来西亚三州

东马马来语Malaysia Timur,全称东马来西亚,马来西亚官方名称为沙巴和砂拉越),是马来西亚位于婆罗洲的北半部领土,由砂拉越沙巴纳闽组成,面积占全国6成(200,657平方公里)余,但人口仅占全国2成。地理上,东马与西马之间被南中国海所隔,这间接导致其人口密度和发展指数均低于西马。东马拥有丰富的天然资源

名称

为了规范马来西亚华语用词,2004年成立的马来西亚华语规范理事会规范婆罗洲北部州属名称为“沙巴砂拉越”、简称“沙砂”,马来亚则规范为“马来半岛”、简称“半岛”,并建议停止使用“西马”、“东马”的称呼,但民间与传媒依然使用。[1]

行政区域

  • 历史上为英属婆罗洲汶莱除外),在1963年9月16日和马来亚联合邦共同组成马来西亚。
  • 沙巴(旧称北婆罗洲)和砂拉越:作为联邦的一员,比马来亚半岛的联邦州享有更高度的移民自主权,譬如有不同的移民系统。2006年以前,进入东马的马来亚居民必须持有马来西亚护照,跨越沙巴边境同样设立关卡,须要出示护照。目前则可以采用内附芯片的大马卡通行,但仍有90天停留天数限制,且不能逾期居留和非法工作,否则将被遣返并拒绝入境东马。
  • 纳闽:原是沙巴的一部分;1984年纳闽被划为联邦直辖区,直接由联邦政府管辖。
  • 主要城市:

天然资源

东马虽然经济上普遍落后于西马,但它拥有丰富的天然资源,包括:

参考文献

  1. ^ 本地刊物常见的不规范词语.:马来西亚华语规范理事会, 2014-12-18

外部链接

参见

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东马
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