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丁卡语

丁卡语
Dinka
Thuɔŋjäŋ
发音[t̪uɔŋ.ɟa̤ŋ]
母语国家和地区 南苏丹
区域 南苏丹
 苏丹
母语使用人数
约420万
语系
尼罗-撒哈拉语系
  • 东苏丹语族
    • 尼罗语言
      • 西尼罗语言
        • 丁卡-努尔语支
          • 丁卡语
            Dinka
文字拉丁字母
官方地位
作为官方语言
管理机构
语言代码
ISO 639-2din
ISO 639-3din——囊括代码英语ISO 639 macrolanguage
各项代码:
dip – 东北(Padang)
diw – 西北(Ruweng)
dib – 中南(Agar)
dks – 东南(Bor、Nyarweng、Hol、Twi)
dik – 西南(Rek & Twic)
Glottologdink1262[1]
本条目包含国际音标符号。部分操作系统浏览器需要特殊字母与符号支持才能正确显示,否则可能显示为乱码、问号、空格等其它符号。

丁卡语南苏丹最有影响的族群丁卡人的语言。它有约420万使用者,主要有5个方言区。[2]西南方言(Rek)被认为是其中的标准音。

语言特征

语音结构

丁卡语有着丰富的元音系统,至少有13个音位上的对比元音。语音表上“下标点”(‹ ̤›)指出"气声"元音,而在丁卡语的正字法上以“上标点”(‹¨›)表示:

前元音 后元音
非气声 气声 非气声 气声
闭元音 i u
半闭元音 e o
半开元音 ɛ ɛ̤ ɔ ɔ̤
开元音 a
本调发音↓(音色变化→) 语气音 气息音 粗哑音 咽喉音
〈Bor Dinka〉 tɕìt̪ tɕì̤t̪ ì tɕì͈t̪
中文→ 拉肚子 往前 蝎子 吞下

丁卡语有20个辅音音素

唇音 齿音 齿龈音 硬颚音 软腭音
鼻音 m n ɲ ŋ
塞音 p   b   t   d c   ɟ k   ɡ
擦音 ɣ
R音 ɾ
近音 l j w

声调

丁卡语属于声调语言。有高、中、低、降四调。

参考文献

  1. Beltrame, G. (1870). Grammatica della lingua denka. Firenze: G. Civelli.
  2. Malou, Job. Dinka Vowel System. Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington Publications in Linguistics. ISBN 0-88312-008-9.
  3. Mitterrutzner, J. C. (1866). Die Dinka-Sprache in Central-Afrika; Kurze Grammatik, Text und Worterbuch. Brixen: A. Weger.
  4. Nebel, A. (1979). Dinka-English, English-Dinka dictionary. 2nd. ed. Editrice Missionaria Italiana, Bologna.
  5. Nebel, A. (1948). Dinka Grammar (Rek-Malual dialect) with texts and vocabulary. Instituto Missioni Africane, Verona.
  6. Trudinger. R. (1942-44). English-Dinka Dictionary. Sudan Interior Mission
  7. Tuttle. Milet Picture Dictionary English-Dinka. (at WorldLanguage.com)

外部链接

  1. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Dinka. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016. 
  2. ^ 存档副本. [2017-03-26]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-02). 
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丁卡语
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