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鋰之貌

者,化學元素也,符號Li,原子序三。因核內質子有三,故列三。為金屬之至輕,故作金部。

游離態下,電子有三,其二居內(曰K層),其一屏外(曰L層),故常佚之以為陽離子,價正一。四海以內,咸為化合物,緣此。

地球以內,豐度尚足,諸元素中,位次第廿七。凡礦石含鋰者三十有奇,以鋰輝石為最。四體之內,五穀之中,各各有之。

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性軟易延,可刀斫之。其色先銀,稍黑而光澤盡失,終白。密度甚小,至浮於油。又其性烈,故貯於固體石蠟,免致災禍。與水即化氫氣,同酸則氣暴起而溶。亦喜合鹵素以為,百度以上遽燃,並氧氣以為氧化鋰,其焰青。

同位素

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凡同位素者二,曰鋰六、鋰七。又以鋰七為盛,十之九盈。

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欲得之,須煉鋰礦以為硫酸鋰、氫氧化鋰。若欲單質,當電解氯化鋰於熔融狀態。

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為還原劑,輒用於有機合成。若伯奇還原,即用甲醇鋰,又,叔丁醇鋰。 因其質輕,常作電池。又醫者幾用之,复見諸合金

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