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石墨
鑽石
檔案:Element 6.webm
碳原子

者,化學元素也,符號C,原子序六,為非金屬。時為石墨,能導電,色黑而啞;時為鑽石,晶瑩剔透,世所罕有。斯二者同素而異形也。論宇宙元素之多寡,居四,次於地球之上,以炭養狀盈於空氣、以元素狀藏於地殼也。

蓋凡生命者,必有碳也。故化合物自生命而出者,皆必有碳;遂稱曰有機物,以為生機之有也。碳與氧合,成二氧化碳,乃光合作用之本也;與氫合,則成烴,即化石燃料之本也;兼合氫氧,則成醣類,乃維生之能源也。

其異形者石墨,混與黏土,可作筆芯,用以書寫;又一異形者鑽石,堅硬無比,可作切割硬物。又於煉金屬之際,作還原劑。

碳十四定年法

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而碳之同位素者碳十四,具放射性,每五千七百三十年減半,可作定歲之用。人之形體,碳有百分之十八,而每克碳有碳十四原子五百億。人生時,其數恆不變,人死則碳十四之數始衰減矣。故今之考古學家得古人骸骨,度其碳十四之數,則知其死之時去今之年數。

聲音動静,具錄於維基共享︰碳
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