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酮,屬官品官能團之一也。通式者必爲曰羰基,其碳兩旁為碳[一]。最簡者為丙酮。

酮(ketone)

製備

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可以重鉻酸鉀、高錳酸鉀等氧化劑者,氧化二級醇(又名仲醇)。如氧化異丙醇者,得丙酮。亦可以臭氧化反應等生成此物。

反應

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  • 不似,不可被氧化。可被硼氫化鈉等還原劑者還原成[二]

  • 亦與2,4-二硝基苯肼反應,生成2,4-二硝基苯腙、者。顔色變兮,可用以辨羰基。以丙酮試,丙酮 2,4-二硝基苯腙生焉,沉澱,色為黃橙。
  • 鹼性環境,加鹵素,成鹵仿、羧酸鹽。含乙酰基者(云酮者有之)即可。曰之爲鹵仿反應。
  • 酮者,加氰化鉀、氫氰酸兩者,親核加成,生羥腈。
  • 與格氏試劑反應,生成三級醇(即叔醇)。

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酮者,可作溶劑。如丙酮。亦可用以合化合物也。

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  1. IUPAC Gold Book ketones
  2. E. Cheng, J. Chow, Y.F. Chow, A. Kai ,S.L.Lee,W.H. Wong·HKDSE Chemistry A Modern View reduction using LiAlH4 or NaBH4  
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