For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 張載子厚.

張載子厚

張載

張載,字子厚長安人也。少喜談兵。至欲結客取洮西之地。年二十一,以書謁范仲淹,一見知其遠器,乃警之曰:「儒者自有名教可樂,何事於兵。」因勸讀《中庸》。載讀其書,猶以為未足,又訪諸、老,累年究極其說,知無所得,反而求之《六經》。嘗坐虎皮講《》京師,聽從者甚眾。一夕,二程至,與論《易》,次日語人曰:「比見二程,深明《易》道,吾所弗及,汝輩可師之。」撤坐輟講。與二程語道學之要,渙然自信曰:「吾道自足,何事旁求?」於是盡棄異學,淳如也。

舉進士,為祁州司法參軍、雲巖令。政事以敦本善俗為先,每月吉,具酒食,召鄉人高年會縣庭,親為勸酬。使人知養老事長之義,因問民疾苦,及告所以訓戒子弟之意。熙寧初,御史中丞呂公著言其有古學,神宗方一新百度,思得才哲士謀之,召見問治道,對曰:「為政不法三代者,終苟道也。」帝悅,以為崇文院校書。他日見王安石,安石問以新政,載曰:「公與人為善,則人以善歸公;如教玉人琢玉,則宜有不受命者矣。」

明州苗振獄起,往治之,末殺其罪。還朝,即移疾屏居南山下,終日危坐一室,左右簡編,俯而讀,仰而思,有得則識之,或中夜起坐,取燭以書。其志道精思,未始須臾息,亦未嘗須臾忘也。敝衣蔬食,與諸生講學,每告以知禮成性、變化氣質之道,學必如聖人而後已。以為知人而不知天,求為賢人而不求為聖人,此以來學者大蔽也。故其學尊禮貴德、樂天安命,以《易》為宗,以《中庸》為體,以孔孟為法,黜怪妄,辨鬼神。其家昏喪葬祭,率用先王之意,而傅以今禮。又論定井田、宅里、發斂、學校之法,皆欲條理成書,使可舉而措諸事業。

呂大防薦之曰:「載之始終,善發明聖人之遺旨,其論政治略可復古。宜還其舊職,以備諮訪。」乃詔知太常禮院。與有司議禮不合,復以疾歸,中道疾甚,沐浴更衣而寢,旦而卒。貧無以斂,門人共買棺奉其喪還。翰林學士許將等言其恬於進取,乞加贈卹,詔賜館職半賻。

載學古力行,為關中士人宗師,世稱為橫渠先生。著書號《正蒙》,又作《西銘》,曰:「乾稱父而坤母,予玆藐焉,乃混然中處。故天地之塞吾其體,天地之帥吾其性,民吾同胞,物吾與也。大君者,吾父母宗子;其大臣,宗子之家相也。尊高年所以長其長,慈孤幼所以幼其幼,聖其合德,賢其秀也。凡天下疲癃殘疾、惸獨鰥寡,皆吾兄弟之顛連而無告者也。於時保之,子之翼也。樂且不憂,純乎孝者也。違曰悖德,害仁曰賊,濟惡者不才,其踐形惟肖者也。知化則善述其事,窮神則善繼其志,不愧屋漏為無忝,存心養性為匪懈。惡旨酒,崇伯子之顧養;育英材,潁封人之錫類。不弛勞而底豫,舜其功也;無所逃而待烹,申生其恭也。體其受而歸全者,參乎;勇於從而順令者,伯奇也。富貴福澤,將厚吾之生也;貧賤憂戚,庸玉女於成也。存,吾順事;歿,吾寧也。」程頤嘗言:「《西銘》明理一而分殊,擴前聖所未發,與孟子性善養氣之論同功,自孟子後蓋未之見。」學者至今尊其書。

嘉定十三年,賜諡曰明公。淳祐元年封郿伯,從祀孔子廟庭。

[]
  • 《宋史·張載傳》

敘事完備,有條不紊,遂列正典
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
張載子厚
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?