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Àwọn àkókò tí wọ́n bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní fòpin sí owo-eru àti Iwofa

Proclamation of the Abolition of Slavery in the French Colonies, 27 April 1848, 1849, by François Auguste Biard, Palace of Versailles

Fífòpin sí Ẹrú kíkó wáyé lásìkò ọ̀tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀ ni oríṣiríṣi orílẹ̀ èdè káàkiri àgbáyé. Ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí ní ṣẹlẹ̀ léraléra ní tẹ́lẹ̀ntẹ́lẹ̀ ní ìpele tí ó ju ọkàn lọ - fún àpẹẹrẹ, fífòpin sí ẹrú kíkó wáyé ní àwọn àgbègbè kan gẹ́gẹ́ bí orílẹ̀ èdè, bẹ́ẹ̀ náà ni àwọn ibòmíràn gẹ́gẹ́ àṣẹ ìṣèjọba àgbègbè wọn. Ìgbésẹ̀ òpin yìí máa ń dá lé òfin tàbí ilana tí ìjọba kọ̀ọ̀kan là kalẹ̀ láti fi dè é. Àwọn àkókò wọ̀nyí yóò ṣàfihàn àwọn òfin àti ìgbésẹ̀ tí wọ́n fòpin sí ẹrú kíkó àti ìwọ̀fà níní ní ṣísẹ̀ntẹ̀lé.

Bi ó tilẹ̀ jẹ́ pé ẹrú kíkó jẹ́ ìwà ọ̀daràn lóòótọ́ ní ọ̀pọ̀ orílẹ̀ èdè káàkiri àgbáyé lónìí, síbẹ̀, ọ̀pọ̀ ibi ni okoòwò ẹrú ṣì tún wà káàkiri ní àgbáyé, pàápàá jùlọ nílẹ̀ adúláwọ̀ Áfríkà, Asia, àti Eastern Europe, pẹ̀lú àtìlẹ́yìn ìjọba.[1]

Láyé àtijọ́ tí ojú ṣì dúdú, ọ̀pọ̀ orílẹ̀ èdè àti ìlú Europe àti àwọn ìlú ni òkè-òkun ní wọ́n fàyè gba ẹrú ṣíṣe pàápàá jùlọ láti san gbèsè tàbí àwọn ẹ̀tọ́ mìíràn, èyí yàtọ̀ gedegbe sí ní mímú onígbèsè nípa láti wá ṣiṣẹ́ dípò gbèsè tí ó bá jẹ́, ṣùgbọ́n èyí kò sọ onígbèsè di ẹrú pọ̀ǹbélé fún ẹni tí ó jẹ lowo kò sí sí anfaani láti ṣe bí ó ṣe wuni fún onígbèsè bí ó ṣe máa ń rí, tí ó sọ ẹrú di dúkìá olówó ẹni tí ó lẹ́rú, tàbí kí ẹrú tí ó wá láti ìdílé ọba sọ anfaani rẹ̀ nù gẹ́gẹ́ bí ọba lóla nítorí pé ó ń sìngbà ẹrú bí ó ṣe máa ń rí nínú ọjà okoòwò ẹrú.

Àwọn àtúnṣe tí a kọ sí ìsàlẹ̀ wọ̀nyí gẹ́gẹ́ bí òfin Salon ní ìlú Athens, ti Lex Poetelia Papiria ní Republican Rome, tàbí àwọn ìlànà tí wọ́n là kalẹ nínú Bíbélì lédè Hébérù nínú ìwé Deuteronomy fi ìlànà sí ẹrú níní àti ìgbà sísìn lápapọ̀ nípa fífi òfin àti ìlànà de àwọn àṣàkáṣà nínú ẹrù níní àti ìgbà sínsìn tí àwọn olówò máa ń fi ẹrú wọn ṣe (bẹ́ẹ̀, àwọn àtúnṣe Roman dá ààbò bo àwọn ọmọ Rome, àtúnṣe àwọn Athenian dá ààbò bo àwọn ọmọ orílẹ̀ èdè wọn bákan náà, bẹ́ẹ̀ náà àwọn òfin tí ó wà nínú ìwé Deuteronomy fàyè gba òmìnira fún àwọn ọmọ Hebrew fún ìwọ̀n ìgbà tí wọ́n bá ń singba), ṣùgbọ́n kò sí àwọn anfaani wọ̀nyí fún àwọn ààrè àti àwọn tí kìí ṣe ojúlówó ọmọ ìlú.

Ọjọ́ Àgbègbè Ìjúwe
Ní ìbẹ̀rẹ̀ sẹ́ńtúrì kẹfà BC Polis of Athens The Athenian lawgiver Solon abolishes debt slavery of Athenian citizens and frees all Athenian citizens who had formerly been enslaved.[2][3] Athenian chattel slavery continued to be practiced, and the loss of debt-bondage as a competing source of compulsory labor may even have spurred slavery to become more important in the Athenian economy henceforth.[4]
3rd century BC Maurya Empire Indian emperor Ashoka abolishes the slave trade but not slavery.[5] Slavery remaining legal in parts of India until 1876, though illegal slave holdings were still being recorded, in Princely states, by the 1891 census.[6]
326 BC Roman Republic Lex Poetelia Papiria abolishes Nexum contracts, a form of pledging the debt bondage of poor Roman citizens to wealthy creditors as security for loans. Chattel slavery was not abolished, and Roman slavery would continue to flourish for centuries.
9–12 AD Xin dynasty Wang Mang, first and only emperor of the Xin dynasty, usurped the Chinese throne and instituted a series of sweeping reforms, including the abolition of slavery and radical land reform from 9–12 A.D.[7][8] However, this and other reforms turned popular and elite sentiment against Wang Mang, and slavery was reinstituted after he was killed by an angry mob in 23 A.D.

Àwọn Ìtọ́kasí

[àtúnṣe | àtúnṣe àmìọ̀rọ̀]
  1. "Maps | Global Slavery Index". 
  2. Athenaion Politeia 12.4, quoting Solon s:Athenian Constitution#12
  3. Garland, Robert (2008). Ancient Greece: Everyday Life in the Birthplace of Western Civilization. New York City, New York: Sterling. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-4549-0908-8. 
  4. Finley, M. I. (1980). Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology. New York: Viking Press. p. 78. 
  5. Siddharth Kara (10 October 2017). Modern Slavery: A Global Perspective. Columbia University Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-231-52802-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=m-c5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT18. "Ashoka outlawed the slave trade in the Mauryan Empire" 
  6. Secretariat, Bengal (India) (1894) (in en). The Gazetteer of Sikhim. Printed at the Bengal secretariat Press. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=eesaAAAAYAAJ&q=slaves&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=slaves&f=false. 
  7. Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition. Greenwood Publishing Group. 2011. p. 155. ISBN 9780313331435. https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaanti00hink. 
  8. Harcourt Education (December 2006). Encyclopedia of Slave Resistance and Rebellion. ISBN 9780313036736. https://books.google.com/books?id=g_kuS42BxIYC&pg=PA420. Retrieved 2013-08-28. 
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