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Orionidi (klada)

Orionidans
Vremenski raspon:
srednja jura–sadašnjost, 175.6–0 Ma
moguči zapis rane jure
1. red (karnosauri/nekoelurosaurski orionidani):
Allosaurus fragilis, Spinosaurus aegyptiacus, Torvosaurus tanneri;

2. red (nemaniraptorski nekoelurosaurski):
Gallimimus bullatus, Tyrannosaurus rex, Compsognathus longipes;
3. red (neeumaniraptorski maniraptori):
Alvarezsaurus calvoi, Alxasaurus elesitaiensis, Avimimus portentosus;
4. red (eumaniraptori):
Velociraptor mongoliensis, Hesperornis regalis, Ardenna carneipes.

Naučna klasifikacija e
Domen: Eukaryota
Carstvo: Animalia
Tip: Chordata
Kladus: Dinosauria
Kladus: Saurischia
Kladus: Theropoda
Kladus: Tetanurae
Kladus: Orionides
Carrano, Benson & Sampson, 2012
Klade
  • Juravenator?
  • Monolophosaurus?
  • Sciurumimus
  • Yunyangosaurus
  • Megalosauroidea
  • Avetheropoda
    • Megaraptora?
    • Carnosauria
      • Megalosauroidea? (mogući parafiletski sklop u osnovi Carnosauria)
      • Allosauroidea
    • Coelurosauria
Sinonimi

Orionidi su klada tetanuranskih teropodnih dinosaurusa od srednje jure do danas. Klada uključuje većinu teropodnih dinosaurusa, uključujući ptice.[2]

Iako su mnoge filogenetske analize otkrile bazalne tetanurane koji su bili izvan Megalosauroidea i Avetheropoda, osnovna dihotomija je imenovana tek 2012. Karano, Benson i Sampson (2012) nazvali su tu kladu Orionidi i definisali je kao čvor koji se sastoji od Megalosauroidea, njihovog najskorijeg zajedničkog pretka Avetheropoda, i svih njihovih potomaka.[2] U 2015, Hendrik, Hartman i Mateus su pojasnili ovu definiciju, navodeći je kao najmanje inkluzivnu kladu uključujući Allosaurus fragilis, Megalosaurus bucklandii, i Passer domesticus.[3] Kladogram predstavljen u nastavku prati filogenetsku analizu koju su objavili Zano i Makovicki 2013.[4]

Orionidi
Megalosauroidea

Piatnitzkysauridae

Megalosauria

Spinosauridae

Megalosauridae

Avetheropoda

Coelurosauria

Allosauroidea

Metriacanthosauridae

Allosauria

Allosauridae

Carcharodontosauria

Neovenatoridae

Carcharodontosauridae

  1. ^ Rauhut, Oliver W. M.; Pol, Diego (2019-12-11). „Probable basal allosauroid from the early Middle Jurassic Cañadón Asfalto Formation of Argentina highlights phylogenetic uncertainty in tetanuran theropod dinosaurs”. Scientific Reports (на језику: енглески). 9 (1): 18826. Bibcode:2019NatSR...918826R. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6906444Слободан приступ. PMID 31827108. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53672-7. 
  2. ^ а б Carrano, M. T.; Benson, R. B. J.; Sampson, S. D. (2012). „The phylogeny of Tetanurae (Dinosauria: Theropoda)”. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 10 (2): 211—300. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.630927. 
  3. ^ Hendrickx, C.; Hartman, S.A.; Mateus, O. (2015). „An overview of non-avian theropod discoveries and classification”. PalArch's Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology. 12 (1): 1—73. 
  4. ^ Zanno, L. E.; Makovicky, P. J. (2013). „Neovenatorid theropods are apex predators in the Late Cretaceous of North America”. Nature Communications. 4: 2827. Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.2827Z. PMID 24264527. doi:10.1038/ncomms3827Слободан приступ. 
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Orionidi (klada)
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