Twitchett, Denis (2009). Writing of Official History under the T'ang. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ((cite book)): Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Wilkinson, Endymion Porter (2015). Chinese History: a New Manual. Cambridge and London, England: Harvard University Asia Center. ((cite book)): Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Xu Elina-Qian, Historical Development of the Pre-Dynastic Khitan, University of Helsinki, 2005. 273 pages. 2.1 Introduction to the Sources on the Pre-dynastic Khitan (pp. 19–23): The Xin Tangshu, pp. 2119–22.
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