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Stoicizam

Izvor: Wikipedija

Atalova stoa u Atini.

Stoicizam (ili stoa) je pravac antičke filozofije popularan od 4. do 2. veka pne, posebno među obrazovanom elitom antičke Grčke i Rimskog carstva[1][2]. Stoicizam je izveden iz kinizma i deli se na staru, srednju i novu stoičku školu.

Osnivač ovog pravca je grčki filozof Zenon (333-264. pne.)[3][4], iz današnje Larnake. Ostali predstavnici su: Hrizip, Seneka, Epiktet i car Marko Aurelije.

Stoici su se organizovali u Atini oko 310. pne. i objasnili kako je svet satkan u skladu sa zakonima logike, fizike i etike. Tvrdili su da svetom vlada logos (svetski um, sudbina) i zbog toga je sve određeno. Centralni problem kojim se bave je etika, koji je i najpoznatiji u moderno vreme.

Osnovni moto stoika je „život u skladu s prirodom“. Mudar čovek živi u skladu s prirodom i sopstvenim razumom, jer tako postiže mir duše. Najznačajnije vrline su razumnost, pravednost i umerenost. Smatrali su da čovek treba da se suprotstavlja impulsima koje stvaraju ljubav, strast, mržnja, strah, bol itd. Druga poznata stoička izreka je „blažen je onaj koji je zadovoljan onim što ima“.

Stoicizam je promovisan kao način života koji se ne dokazuje rečima, već delima[5].

Stoičku školu zabranio je 529. godine vladar Justinijan I obrazloženjem da potiče iz paganizma i da nije u skladu sa hrišćanstvom[6].

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Reference

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  1. H.D. Amos and A.G.P. Lang, "These Were the Greeks"
  2. Gilbert Murray, The Stoic Philosophy, 1915, p. 25. In Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, 1946.
  3. http://depthome.brooklyn.cuny.edu/classics/dunkle/athnlife/poikile.htm
  4. http://www.wku.edu/~jan.garrett/stoa/stoapoik.htm
  5. John Sellars. Stoicism, p. 32.
  6. Agatija, Histories, 2.31.
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Stoicizam
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