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Ljudski genom

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Grafička reprezentacija normalnog humanog kariotipa

Humani genom obuhvata sve molekule DNK jedne garniture hromozoma (haploidnog broja hromozoma) čoveka.[1][2] On obuhvata, u stvari, dva genoma:

  1. složeni jedarni genom koji predstavlja preko 99% ukupnog genoma i
  2. mali mitohondrijski genom.

Jedarni genom obezbeđuje ogromnu većinu genetičkih podataka od suštinskog značaja za sintezu polipeptida na ribozomima u citoplazmi. Mitohondrijski genom nosi informaciju za mali broj proteina, dok je većina proteina mitohondrija kodirano jedarnim genima i sintetiše se na ribozomima u citoplazmi, a zatim doprema u mitohondrije.

DNK je izgrađena od 4 različite azotne baze: adenina, guanina, citozina i timina, koje se ponavljaju milajardama puta u genomu. Tako humani genom ima tri milijarde baza koje su zauzele svoja mesta u 24 različita hromozoma. Od njih, 22 hromozoma su autozomi poređani od najvećeg (1) ka najmanjem (22), a preostala dva hromozoma su polni: X i Y.

Povezano

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Reference

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  1. International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (2004). „Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.”. Nature 431 (7011): 931-45. Bibcode url = http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v431/n7011/full/nature03001.html 2004Natur.431..931H url = http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v431/n7011/full/nature03001.html. DOI:10.1038/nature03001. PMID 15496913. 
  2. International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (2001). „Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.”. Nature 409 (6822): 860-921. DOI:10.1038/35057062. PMID 11237011. 

Literatura

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Spoljašnje veze

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Ljudski genom
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