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Ginijev koeficijent

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Džini koeficijent društvenog dohotka u svetu.

Džini koeficijent (engl. Gini index, Gini ratio) predstavlja najčešće korišćenu meru nejednakosti. Džini koeficijent je italijanski statističar i sociolog Korado Džini i objavio 1912. u radu Varijabilnost i promenljivost (ital. Variabilità e mutabilità).[1][2]

U slučaju apsolutne jednakosti Džini koeficijent ima vrednost 0, a u slučaju apsolutne nejednakosti vrednost 1.[3][4] Teoretski je moguće da vrednost Džini koeficijenta bude i veća od 1 ukoliko su prihodi neke osobe imaju negativan prihod.

Posmatrano na nivou sveta Džini koeficijent se kreće u intervalu do oko 25% u skandinavskim i neke srednjeevropskim državama i do oko 60% u nekim afričkim i državama Latinske Amerike. Za države Organizacija za ekonomsku saradnju i razvoj, Džini koeficijent se kreće u rasponu od 0,24 do 0,49, pri čemu je za Sloveniju najniži a za Čile najviši.[5] Države u Africi imaju najviše Džini koeficijente, pri čemu Južnoafrička republika ima najviši sa 0,7.[6][7]

Prema vrednostima Džini koeficijenata Srbija se nalazi na nivou proseka država regiona.

Postoje problemi pri objašnjenju Džini koeficijenta. Demografska struktura treba da se uzme u obzir. Države sa starijom strukturom, ili gde postoji visoki natalitet, doživljavaju skok Džini koeficijenta.

Reference

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  1. Gini, C. (1912). "ital. Variabilità e mutabilità'" 'Variability and Mutability', C. Cuppini, Bologna, 156 pages. Reprinted in Memorie di metodologica statistica (Ed. Pizetti E, Salvemini, T). Rome: Libreria Eredi Virgilio Veschi (1955).
  2. Gini, C. (1909). "Concentration and dependency ratios" (in Italian). English translation in Rivista di Politica Economica, 87 (1997), 769–789.
  3. „Current Population Survey (CPS) – Definitions and Explanations”. US Census Bureau. 
  4. Note: Gini coefficient becomes 1, only in a large population where one person has all the income. In the special case of just two people, where one has no income and the other has all the income, the Gini coefficient is 0.5. For 5 people set, where 4 have no income and the fifth has all the income, the Gini coefficient is 0.8. See: FAO, United Nations – Inequality Analysis, The Gini Index Module Arhivirano 2017-07-13 na Wayback Machine-u (PDF format), fao.org.
  5. „Income distribution – Inequality: Income distribution – Inequality – Country tables”. OECD. 2012. 
  6. „South Africa Overview”. The World Bank. 2011. 
  7. Ali, Mwabu and Gesami (March 2002). „Poverty reduction in Africa: Challenges and policy options” (PDF). African Economic Research Consortium, Nairobi. 

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