金の同位体
金 (Au) は1種の安定同位体(197Au)と、35種の放射性同位体を持つ。 最も安定な放射性同位体は半減期が186日の195Auである。
金は核兵器の加塩材料として提案されている(コバルトが有名)。自然金の被覆は熱核兵器由来の強烈な高エネルギー中性子束による照射を受けると、約0.411 MeVのガンマ放射を生ずる半減期が2.697日の放射性同位体198Auに変化するため、数日に渡って核兵器の放射性降下物の放射能を増加させる。しかし、このような兵器が作られたりテストされたり、また使われたりしたことは知られていない[1]。
一覧
[編集]同位体核種 | Z(p) | N(n) | 同位体質量 (u) | 半減期 | 核スピン数 | 天然存在比 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
励起エネルギー | ||||||
169Au | 79 | 90 | 168.99808(32)# | 150# µs | 1/2+# | |
170Au | 79 | 91 | 169.99612(22)# | 310(50) µs [286(+50-40) µs] | (2-) | |
170mAu | 275(14) keV | 630(60) µs [0.62(+6-5) ms] | (9+) | |||
171Au | 79 | 92 | 170.991879(28) | 17 µs | (1/2+) | |
171mAu | 250(16) keV | 1.014(19) ms | 11/2- | |||
172Au | 79 | 93 | 171.99004(17)# | 6.3 ms | high | |
173Au | 79 | 94 | 172.986237(28) | 20 ms | (1/2+) | |
173mAu | 214(23) keV | 12 ms | (11/2-) | |||
174Au | 79 | 95 | 173.98476(11)# | 120 ms | low | |
174mAu | 360(70)# keV | 171(29) ms | high | |||
175Au | 79 | 96 | 174.98127(5) | 185 ms | 1/2+# | |
175mAu | 200(30)# keV | 156(3) ms | 11/2-# | |||
176Au | 79 | 97 | 175.98010(11)# | 1.08(17) s [0.84(+17-14) s] | (5-) | |
176mAu | 150(100)# keV | 860(160) ms | (7+) | |||
177Au | 79 | 98 | 176.976865(14) | 1.462(32) s | (1/2+,3/2+) | |
177mAu | 216(26) keV | 1.180(12) s | 11/2- | |||
178Au | 79 | 99 | 177.97603(6) | 2.6(5) s | ||
179Au | 79 | 100 | 178.973213(18) | 3.3 s | 5/2-# | |
179mAu | 99(16) keV | (11/2-) | ||||
180Au | 79 | 101 | 179.972521(23) | 8.1(3) s | ||
181Au | 79 | 102 | 180.970079(21) | 13.7(14) s | (3/2-) | |
182Au | 79 | 103 | 181.969618(22) | 15.5(5) s | (2+) | |
183Au | 79 | 104 | 182.967593(11) | 42.8(10) s | (5/2)- | |
183m1Au | 73.3(4) keV | >1 µs | (1/2)+ | |||
183m2Au | 230.6(6) keV | <1 µs | (11/2)- | |||
184Au | 79 | 105 | 183.967452(24) | 20.6(9) s | 5+ | |
184mAu | 68.46(1) keV | 47.6(14) s | 2+ | |||
185Au | 79 | 106 | 184.965789(28) | 4.25(6) min | 5/2- | |
185mAu | 100(100)# keV | 6.8(3) min | 1/2+# | |||
186Au | 79 | 107 | 185.965953(23) | 10.7(5) min | 3- | |
186mAu | 227.77(7) keV | 110(10) ns | 2+ | |||
187Au | 79 | 108 | 186.964568(27) | 8.4(3) min | 1/2+ | |
187mAu | 120.51(16) keV | 2.3(1) s | 9/2- | |||
188Au | 79 | 109 | 187.965324(22) | 8.84(6) min | 1(-) | |
189Au | 79 | 110 | 188.963948(22) | 28.7(3) min | 1/2+ | |
189m1Au | 247.23(16) keV | 4.59(11) min | 11/2- | |||
189m2Au | 325.11(16) keV | 190(15) ns | 9/2- | |||
189m3Au | 2554.7(12) keV | 242(10) ns | 31/2+ | |||
190Au | 79 | 111 | 189.964700(17) | 42.8(10) min | 1- | |
190mAu | 200(150)# keV | 125(20) ms | 11-# | |||
191Au | 79 | 112 | 190.96370(4) | 3.18(8) h | 3/2+ | |
191m1Au | 266.2(5) keV | 920(110) ms | (11/2-) | |||
191m2Au | 2490(1) keV | >400 ns | ||||
192Au | 79 | 113 | 191.964813(17) | 4.94(9) h | 1- | |
192m1Au | 135.41(25) keV | 29 ms | (5#)+ | |||
192m2Au | 431.6(5) keV | 160(20) ms | (11-) | |||
193Au | 79 | 114 | 192.964150(11) | 17.65(15) h | 3/2+ | |
193m1Au | 290.19(3) keV | 3.9(3) s | 11/2- | |||
193m2Au | 2486.5(6) keV | 150(50) ns | (31/2+) | |||
194Au | 79 | 115 | 193.965365(11) | 38.02(10) h | 1- | |
194m1Au | 107.4(5) keV | 600(8) ms | (5+) | |||
194m2Au | 475.8(6) keV | 420(10) ms | (11-) | |||
195Au | 79 | 116 | 194.9650346(14) | 186.098(47) d | 3/2+ | |
195mAu | 318.58(4) keV | 30.5(2) s | 11/2- | |||
196Au | 79 | 117 | 195.966570(3) | 6.1669(6) d | 2- | |
196m1Au | 84.660(20) keV | 8.1(2) s | 5+ | |||
196m2Au | 595.66(4) keV | 9.6(1) h | 12- | |||
197Au | 79 | 118 | 196.9665687(6) | STABLE | 3/2+ | 1.0000 |
197mAu | 409.15(8) keV | 7.73(6) s | 11/2- | |||
198Au | 79 | 119 | 197.9682423(6) | 2.69517(21) d | 2- | |
198m1Au | 312.2200(20) keV | 124(4) ns | 5+ | |||
198m2Au | 811.7(15) keV | 2.27(2) d | (12-) | |||
199Au | 79 | 120 | 198.9687652(6) | 3.139(7) d | 3/2+ | |
199mAu | 548.9368(21) keV | 440(30) µs | (11/2)- | |||
200Au | 79 | 121 | 199.97073(5) | 48.4(3) min | 1(-) | |
200mAu | 970(70) keV | 18.7(5) h | 12- | |||
201Au | 79 | 122 | 200.971657(3) | 26(1) min | 3/2+ | |
202Au | 79 | 123 | 201.97381(18) | 28.8(19) s | (1-) | |
203Au | 79 | 124 | 202.975155(3) | 53(2) s | 3/2+ | |
204Au | 79 | 125 | 203.97772(22)# | 39.8(9) s | (2-) | |
205Au | 79 | 126 | 204.97987(32)# | 31(2) s | 3/2+ |
脚注
[編集]- ^ Win, David Tin; Masum, Md. Al (2003). Weapons of Mass Destruction. 6. pp. 199–219 .
参考文献
[編集]- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
- It's Elemental - Isotope of the Element Gold [1]
1H | 2He |
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3Li | 4Be | 5B | 6C | 7N | 8O | 9F | 10Ne | ||||||||||||||||||||
11Na | 12Mg | 13Al | 14Si | 15P | 16S | 17Cl | 18Ar | ||||||||||||||||||||
19K | 20Ca | 21Sc | 22Ti | 23V | 24Cr | 25Mn | 26Fe | 27Co | 28Ni | 29Cu | 30Zn | 31Ga | 32Ge | 33As | 34Se | 35Br | 36Kr | ||||||||||
37Rb | 38Sr | 39Y | 40Zr | 41Nb | 42Mo | 43Tc | 44Ru | 45Rh | 46Pd | 47Ag | 48Cd | 49In | 50Sn | 51Sb | 52Te | 53I | 54Xe | ||||||||||
55Cs | 56Ba | *1 | 72Hf | 73Ta | 74W | 75Re | 76Os | 77Ir | 78Pt | 79Au | 80Hg | 81Tl | 82Pb | 83Bi | 84Po | 85At | 86Rn | ||||||||||
87Fr | 88Ra | *2 | 104Rf | 105Db | 106Sg | 107Bh | 108Hs | 109Mt | 110Ds | 111Rg | 112Cn | 113Nh | 114Fl | 115Mc | 116Lv | 117Ts | 118Og | ||||||||||
*1 | 57La | 58Ce | 59Pr | 60Nd | 61Pm | 62Sm | 63Eu | 64Gd | 65Tb | 66Dy | 67Ho | 68Er | 69Tm | 70Yb | 71Lu | ||||||||||||
*2 | 89Ac | 90Th | 91Pa | 92U | 93Np | 94Pu | 95Am | 96Cm | 97Bk | 98Cf | 99Es | 100Fm | 101Md | 102No | 103Lr | ||||||||||||
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