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Koinofilia

Merak leusistik ini, Pavo cristatus, tidak mungkin menemukan pasangan dan bereproduksi di lingkungan alami karena warnanya yang tidak biasa. Namun, warnanya yang mencolok dihargai oleh manusia, dan dapat dimasukkan dalam pemuliaan selektif buatan untuk menghasilkan lebih banyak individu dengan fenotipe leusistik.

Koinofilia adalah istilah yang digunakan oleh biolog Johan Koeslag, yang bermakna ketika makhluk seksual mencari pasangan, mereka memilih berpasangan dengan yang tidak memiliki kenampakan yang tidak biasa, aneh, atau menyimpang.

Sebagai akibat dari seleksi alam, kenampakan yang menguntungkan menggantikan kenampakan yang tidak menguntungkan. Maka ketika makhluk seksual ingin berkawin, mereka akan menghindari individu yang memiliki kenampakan yang tidak biasa, sementara tertarik dengan mereka yang memiliki kenampakan rata-rata.[1] Hal ini menguntungkan karena mereka menghindari pasangan yang mungkin memiliki mutasi yang merugikan.

Koinofilia dalam manusia ditemukan oleh Judith Langlois dan rekan kerjanya,[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] yang menemukan bahwa rata-rata wajah dua manusia lebih menarik daripada masing-masing wajah yang membentuk wajah rata-rata tersebut. Semakin banyak wajah (dengan gender dan usia yang sama) yang digunakan untuk membuat wajah rata-rata, semakin menarik wajah rata-rata itu.

Referensi

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  1. ^ Symons, D. (1979) The Evolution of Human Sexuality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  2. ^ Langlois, J.H., Roggman, L. (1990). Attractive faces are only average. Psychol. Sci. 1, 115-121
  3. ^ Langlois, J.H., Roggman, L.A., Musselman, L., Acton, S. (1991). A picture is worth a thousand words: Reply to "On the difficulty of averaging faces." Psychological Science 2, 354-357.
  4. ^ Langlois, J.H., Roggman, L.A., Musselman, L. (1994). What is average and what is not average about attractive faces? Psychological Science 5, 214-220
  5. ^ Langlois, J.H., Musselman, L. (1995). The myths and mysteries of beauty. In D.R. Calhoun (Ed.), 1996 Yearbook of Science and the Future, hal. 40-61. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
  6. ^ Kalick, S.M., Zebrowitz, L.A., Langlois, J.H., Johnson, R.M. (1998). Does human facial attractiveness honestly advertise health? Longitudinal data on an evolutionary question. Psychological Science 9, 8-13
  7. ^ Rubenstein, A.J., Langlois, J.H., Roggman, L.A. (2002). What makes a face attractive and why: The role of averageness in defining facial beauty. In G. Rhodes & L.A. Zebrowitz (Eds.), Facial attractiveness: Evolutionary, cognitive, and social perspectives: Westport, CT: Ablex
  8. ^ Hoss, R.A., Langlois, J.H. (2003). Infants prefer attractive faces. In O. Pascalis & A. Slater (Eds.), The development of face processing in infancy and early childhood: Current perspectives pp. 27-38. New York: Nova Science Publishers.

Pranala luar

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  • Why Sex? Diarsipkan 2012-02-23 di Wayback Machine. discusses the origin of sex, and the evolutionary problem of the affordability of males, together with its koinophilic solution.
  • Beauty Check includes example blended faces and discusses why average face shapes are more attractive.
  • Averaging faces shows how the average of two faces looks more attractive than either of the faces used in the averaging process.
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Koinofilia
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