सम्प्रभु राज्य
राष्ट्र कहते हैं, एक जन समूह को, जिनकी एक पहचान होती है, जो कि उन्हें उस राष्ट्र से जोङती है। इस परिभाषा से तात्पर्य है कि वह जन समूह साधारणतः समान भाषा, धर्म, इतिहास, नैतिक आचार, या मूल उद्गम से होता है।
‘राजृ-दीप्तो’ अर्थात ‘राजृ’ धातु से कर्म में ‘ष्ट्रन्’ प्रत्यय करने से संस्कृत में राष्ट्र शब्द बनता है अर्थात विविध संसाधनों से समृद्ध सांस्कृतिक पहचान वाला देश ही एक राष्ट्र होता है | देश शब्द की उत्पत्ति "दिश" यानि दिशा या देशांतर से हुआ जिसका अर्थ भूगोल और सीमाओं से है | देश विभाजनकारी अभिव्यक्ति है जबकि राष्ट्र, जीवंत, सार्वभौमिक, युगांतकारी और हर विविधताओं को समाहित करने की क्षमता रखने वाला एक दर्शन है |
सामान्य अर्थों में राष्ट्र शब्द देश का पर्यायवाची बन जाता है, जहाँ कुछ असार्वभौमिक राष्ट्र, जिन्होंने अपनी पहचान जुङने के बाद, पृथक सार्वभौमिकिता बनाए रखी है। एक राष्ट्र कई राज्यों में बँटा हो सकता है तथा वे एक निर्धारित भौगोलिक क्षेत्र में रहते हैं, जिसे राष्ट्र कहा जाता है। देश को अपने रहेने वालों का रक्षा करना है।
सम्प्रभु राष्ट्र
[संपादित करें]नाम | अँग्रेजी में संक्षिप्त नाम | आधिकारिक नाम (अँग्रेजी / मूल) | संक्षिप्त नाम (मूल सरकारी नाम) | |
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en:Afghanistan | Islamic Republic of Afghanistan د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت Da Afġānistān Islāmī Jomhoriyat جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Afġānistān |
Pushtu: Afġānistān / افغانستان Dari: Afġānestān / افغانستان | |
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en:Albania | Republic of Albania Republika e Shqipërise |
Albanian: Shqipëria | |
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en:Algeria | People's Democratic Republic of Algeria الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية Al-Jumhūrīyah al-Jazā’irīyah ad-Dīmuqrāţīyah ash-Sha’bīyah |
अरबी: Al-Jazā'ir / الجمهورية الجزائرية | |
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en:Andorra | Principality of Andorra Principat d'Andorre |
Catalan: Andorra French: Andorre | |
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en:Angola | Republic of Angola República de Angola |
Portugese: Angola | |
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en:Antigua and Barbuda4 | Antigua and Barbuda | अंग्रेज़ी: Antigua and Barbuda | |
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en:Argentina3 | Argentine Nation or Argentine Republic República Argentina |
Spanish: Argentina | |
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en:Armenia | Republic of Armenia Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun |
Armenian: Hayastan / Հայաստան | |
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en:Australia3 | Commonwealth of Australia | अंग्रेज़ी: Australia | |
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en:Austria4 | Republic of Austria Republik Österreich |
German: Österreich | |
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en:Azerbaijan1, 4 | Republic of Azerbaijan Azərbaycan Respublikası |
Azeri: Azərbaycan | |
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en:The Bahamas | Commonwealth of the Bahamas | अंग्रेज़ी: The Bahamas | |
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en:Bahrain | Kingdom of Bahrain مملكة البحرين Mamlakat al Bahrayn |
अरबी: al-Baḥrayn / بحرين | |
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en:Bangladesh | People's Republic of Bangladesh গণ প্রজাতঁত্রী বাংলাদেশ Gana Prajātantrī Bānglādesh |
Bengali: Banglādeś / বাংলাদেশ | |
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en:Barbados | Barbados | अंग्रेज़ी: Barbados | |
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en:Belarus | Republic of Belarus Рэспу́бліка Белару́сь Respublika Biełaruś |
Belarusian: Bjelarúś / Белару́сь Russian: Bjelorússija / Белору́ссия | |
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en:Belgium | Kingdom of Belgium Koninkrijk België Royaume de Belgique Königreich Belgien |
Dutch: België French: Belgique German: Belgien | |
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en:Belize | Belize | अंग्रेज़ी: Belize | |
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en:Benin | Republic of Benin | French: Bénin | |
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en:Bhutan | Kingdom of Bhutan | Jonghka: Druk Yul | |
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en:Bolivia | Republic of Bolivia | Spanish: Bolivia | |
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en:Bosnia and Herzegovina4 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Bosnian: Bosna i Hercegovina / Босна и Херцеговина Serbian and Croatian: idem | |
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en:Botswana | Republic of Botswana | Tswana: Botswana अंग्रेज़ी: Botswana | |
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en:Brazil3 | Federative Republic of Brazil | Portuguese: Brasil | |
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en:Brunei | Brunei Darussalam | Malay: Brunei | |
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en:Bulgaria | Republic of Bulgaria | Bulgarian: Bălgarija / България | |
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en:Burkina Faso | Burkina Faso | French: Burkina Faso | |
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en:Burundi | Republic of Burundi | Kirundi: Uburundi French: Burundi | |
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en:Cambodia | Kingdom of Cambodia | Cambodian: Kampuchea / កម្ពុជា | |
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en:Cameroon | Republic of Cameroon | French: Cameroun अंग्रेज़ी: Cameroon | |
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en:Canada3 | Canada | अंग्रेज़ी: Canada French: Canada | |
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en:Cape Verde | Republic of Cape Verde | Portugese: Cabo Verde | |
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en:Central African Republic | Central African Republic | French: République Centrafricaine Sango: Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka | |
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en:Chad | Republic of Chad | French: Tchad अरबी: Tašād / تشاد | |
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en:Chile | Republic of Chile República de Chile |
Spanish: Chile | |
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China (PRC)4 | People's Republic of China | Chinese: Zhōngguó / 中國 | |
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en:Colombia | Republic of Colombia | Spanish: Colombia | |
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en:Comoros3 | Union of the Comoros | French: Comores Comorian: Komori अरबी: Qumur / قمر | |
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Congo-Kinshasa | Democratic Republic of Congo | French: Congo | |
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Congo-Brazzaville | Republic of Congo | French: Congo | |
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en:Costa Rica | Republic of Costa Rica | Spanish: Costa Rica | |
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en:Côte d'Ivoire10 | Republic of Côte d'Ivore | French: Côte d'Ivoire | |
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en:Croatia | Republic of Croatia | Croatian: Hrvatska | |
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en:Cuba | Republic of Cuba | Spanish: Cuba | |
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en:Cyprus1 | Republic of Cyprus | Greek: Kypros / Κυπρος Turkish: Kıbrıs | |
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en:Czech Republic12 | Czech Republic | Czech: Česko | |
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en:Denmark2 | Kingdom of Denmark | Danish: Danmark | |
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en:Djibouti | Republic of Djibouti | French:Djibouti अरबी: Jibuti / جيبوتي | |
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en:Dominica | Commonwealth of Dominica | अंग्रेज़ी: Dominica | |
en:Dominican Republic | Dominican Republic | Spanish: República Dominicana | ||
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en:East Timor | Democratic Republic of East Timor | Tetum: Timor Lorosa'e Portuguese: Timor-Leste | |
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en:Ecuador | Republic of Ecuador | Spanish: Ecuador | |
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en:Egypt | Arab Republic of Egypt | अरबी: al-Mişr / مصر | |
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en:El Salvador | Republic of El Salvador | Spanish: El Salvador | |
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en:Equatorial Guinea | Republic of Equatorial Guinea | Spanish: Guinea Ecuatorial | |
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en:Eritrea | State of Eritrea Hagere Ertra ሃገረ ኤርትራ دولة إرتريا Dawlat Iritriya |
तिग्रिन्या भाषा: Ertra - ኤርትራ Irītriyā /अरबी: إريتريا | |
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en:Estonia | Republic of Estonia | Estonian: Eesti | |
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en:Ethiopia3 | Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia | Amharic: Ityop'ia / ኢትዮጵያ | |
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en:Fiji4 | Republic of the Fiji Islands | अंग्रेज़ी: Fiji Fijian: Viti | |
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en:Finland4 | Republic of Finland | Finnish: Suomi Swedish: Finland | |
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en:France2 | French Republic | French: France | |
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en:Gabon | Gabonese Republic | French: Gabon | |
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en:The Gambia | Republic of the Gambia | अंग्रेज़ी: The Gambia | |
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Georgia1,4 | Georgia | Georgian: Sak'art'velo / საქართველო | |
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en:Germany3 | Federal Republic of Germany | German: Deutschland | |
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en:Ghana | Republic of Ghana | अंग्रेज़ी: Ghana | |
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en:Greece4 | Greek Republic | Greek:'Ellas / 'Eλλας | |
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en:Grenada4 | Grenada | अंग्रेज़ी: Grenada | |
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en:Guatemala | Republic of Guatemala | Spanish: Guatemala | |
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en:Guinea | Republic of Guinea | French: Guinée | |
en:Guinea-Bissau | Republic of Guinea-Bissau | Portuguese: Guiné-Bissau | ||
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en:Guyana | Co-operative Republic of Guyana | अंग्रेज़ी: Guyana | |
en:Haiti | Republic of Haiti | French: Haïti Haitian Creole: Ayiti | ||
en:Honduras | Republic of Honduras | Spanish: Honduras | ||
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en:Hungary | Republic of Hungary | Hungarian: Magyarország | |
en:Iceland | Republic of Iceland | Icelandic: Ísland | ||
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en:India3 | Republic of India | Hindi: Bharat / भारत अंग्रेज़ी: India | |
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en:Indonesia | Republic of Indonesia | Indonesian: Indonesia | |
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en:Iran | Islamic Republic of Iran | Farsi: Īrān / ایران | |
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en:Iraq | Republic of Iraq | अरबी: Al-ʿĪrāq / العیراق Kurdish: ʿÎraq / عیراق | |
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Ireland, Republic of | Republic of Ireland | अंग्रेज़ी: Ireland Irish: Éire | |
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en:Israel | State of Israel מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל Medīnat Yisrā'el دَوْلَةُ إِسْرَائِيلَ Dawlat Isrā'īl |
Hebrew: Yisra'el / ישראל अरबी: Isra'il / اسرائيل | |
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en:Italy | Italian Republic | Italian: Italia | |
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en:Jamaica | Jamaica | अंग्रेज़ी: Jamaica | |
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en:Japan | Japan | Japanese: Nihon-koku / 日本国 | |
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en:Jordan | Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan | अरबी: Al-Urdun / الاردن | |
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en:Kazakhstan | Republic of Kazakhstan | Kazakh: Qazaqstan / Қазақстан Russian: Kazachstan / Казахстан | |
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en:Kenya | Republic of Kenya | अंग्रेज़ी: Kenya Swahili: Kenya | |
en:Kiribati | Republic of Kiribati | Kiribati: Kiribati अंग्रेज़ी: Kiribati | ||
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Korea (North) | Democratic People's Republic of Korea | Korean: Chosŏn / 조선 | |
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Korea (South) | Republic of Korea | Korean: Hanguk / 대한 | |
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en:Kuwait | State of Kuwait | अरबी: Al-Kuwayt / الكويت | |
en:Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyz Republic | Kyrgyz: Kyrgyzstan / Кыргызстан Russian: Kyrgyzstan / Кыргызстан | ||
en:Laos | Lao People's Democratic Republic | Laotian: Lao / ນລາວ | ||
en:Latvia | Republic of Latvia | Latvian: Latvija | ||
en:Lebanon | Republic of Lebanon | अरबी: Lubnān / لبنان | ||
en:Lesotho | Kingdom of Lesotho | अंग्रेज़ी: Lesotho Sotho: Lesotho | ||
en:Liberia | Republic of Liberia | अंग्रेज़ी: Liberia | ||
en:Libya | Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya | अरबी: Lībiyyah / ليبية | ||
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en:Liechtenstein | Principality of Liechtenstein | German: Liechtenstein | |
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en:Lithuania | Republic of Lithuania | Lithuanian: Lietuva | |
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en:Luxembourg | Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg | Luxembourgian: Lëtzebuerg French: Luxembourg German: Luxemburg | |
Macedonia (FYROM)5 | Republic of Macedonia | Macedonian: Makedonija / Македонија Albanian: Maqedoni | ||
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en:Madagascar | Republic of Madagascar | Malagasy: Madagasikara French: Madagascar | |
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en:Malawi | Republic of Malawi | अंग्रेज़ी: Malawi Chewa: Malaŵi | |
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en:Malaysia3 | Federation of Malaysia | Malay: Malaysia | |
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en:Maldives | Republic of Maldives | Divehi: Divehi Rājje / ގުޖޭއްރާ ޔާއްރިހޫމްޖު | |
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en:Mali | Republic of Mali | French: Mali | |
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en:Malta | Republic of Malta | Maltese: Malta | |
en:Marshall Islands | Republic of the Marshall Islands | अंग्रेज़ी: Marshall Islands | ||
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en:Mauritania | Islamic Republic of Mauritania | अरबी: Mūrītāniyyah / موريتانية French: Mauritanie | |
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en:Mauritius | Republic of Mauritius | अंग्रेज़ी: Mauritius French: Maurice | |
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en:Mexico3 | United Mexican States | Spanish: México | |
Micronesia3 | Federated States of Micronesia | अंग्रेज़ी: Micronesia | ||
en:Moldova1,4 | Republic of Moldova | Romanian/Moldovan: Moldova Russian: Moldova / Молдова | ||
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en:Monaco | Principality of Monaco | French: Monaco | |
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en:Mongolia | Mongolia | Mongolian: Mongol Uls / Монгол Улс | |
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en:Morocco6 | Kingdom of Morocco المملكة المغربية al-Mamlakah al-Maġribiyya |
अरबी: al-Maġrib / مغرب | |
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en:Mozambique | Republic of Mozambique | Portuguese: Moçambique | |
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en:Myanmar11 | Union of Myanmar | Burmese: Myanma | |
en:Nagorno-Karabakh1 | Nagorno-Karabakh Republic | Armenian: Lernayin Gharabagh / Լեռնային Ղարաբաղ | ||
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en:Namibia | Republic of Namibia | अंग्रेज़ी: Namibia | |
en:Nauru | Nauru | Nauran: Naoero अंग्रेज़ी: Nauru | ||
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en:Nepal | Kingdom of Nepal | Nepali: Nepāl / नेपाल | |
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en:Netherlands2 | Kingdom of the Netherlands | Dutch: Nederland | |
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en:New Zealand2 | New Zealand | अंग्रेज़ी: New Zealand Maori: Aotearoa | |
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en:Nicaragua | Republic of Nicaragua | Spanish: Nicaragua | |
en:Niger | Republic of Niger | French: Niger | ||
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en:Nigeria3 | Federal Republic of Nigeria | अंग्रेज़ी: Nigeria | |
Northern Cyprus1 | Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus | Turkish: Kuzey Kıbrıs | ||
en:Norway2 | Kingdom of Norway | Norwegian (bokmål): Norge Norwegian (nynorsk): Noreg | ||
en:Oman | Sultanate of Oman سلطنة عمان Salṭanat ‘Umān |
अरबी: ʿUmmān / عمان | ||
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en:Pakistan | Islamic Republic of Pakistan | Islami Jamhuriye Pakistan | Urdu: Pākistān / پاکستان |
en:Palau | Republic of Palau | Palauan: Belau अंग्रेज़ी: Palau | ||
en:Palestine7 | State of Palestine | अरबी: Filastīn / فلسطين | ||
en:Panama | Republic of Panama | Spanish: Panamá | ||
en:Papua New Guinea | Papua New Guinea | अंग्रेज़ी: Papua New Guinea | ||
en:Paraguay | Republic of Paraguay | Spanish: Paraguay Guarani: Paraguái | ||
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en:Peru | Republic of Peru | Spanish: Perú | |
en:Philippines | Republic of the Philippines | Pilipino: Pilipinas अंग्रेज़ी: Philippines | ||
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en:Poland | Republic of Poland | Polish: Polska | |
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en:Portugal4 | Portuguese Republic | Portuguese: Portugal | |
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en:Qatar | State of Qatar | अरबी: Qaṭar / قطر | |
en:Romania | Romania | Romanian: România | ||
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en:Russia3 | Russian Federation | Russian: Rossija / Россия | |
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en:Rwanda | Republic of Rwanda | Rwandese: Urwanda French: Rwanda | |
Sahara6 (Western) | Democratic Arab Republic of Sahara | अरबी: Al-Saḥrāwiyyah / صحراوية | ||
en:Saint Kitts and Nevis4 | Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis | अंग्रेज़ी: Saint Kitts and Nevis | ||
en:Saint Lucia | Saint Lucia | अंग्रेज़ी: Saint Lucia | ||
en:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | अंग्रेज़ी: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | ||
en:Samoa | Independent State of Samoa | अंग्रेज़ी: Samoa Samoan: Samoa | ||
en:San Marino | Italian: Repubblica di San Marino | San Marino | ||
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en:São Tomé and Príncipe4 | Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe | Portuguese: São Tomé e Príncipe | |
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en:Saudi Arabia | Kingdom of Saudi Arabia | अरबी: Al-ʿArabiyyah as-Saʿūdiyyah / العربية السعودية | |
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en:Senegal | Republic of Senegal | French: Sénégal | |
en:Serbia and Montenegro3,4,8 | State Community of Serbia and Montenegro | Serbian: Srbija i Crna Gora / Србија и Црна Гора | ||
en:Seychelles | Republic of Seychelles | अंग्रेज़ी: Seychelles French: Seychelles Seselwa: Sesel | ||
en:Sierra Leone | Republic of Sierra Leone | अंग्रेज़ी: Sierra Leone | ||
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en:Singapore | Republic of Singapore | Malay: Singapura Chinese: Xinjiapo / 新加坡 Tamil: Čiṅkappūr / சிங்கப்பூர் अंग्रेज़ी: Singapore | |
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en:Slovakia | Slovak Republic | Slovak: Slovensko | |
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en:Slovenia | Republic of Slovenia | Slovenian: Slovenija | |
en:Solomon Islands | Solomon Islands | अंग्रेज़ी: Solomon Islands | ||
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en:Somalia1,9 | Somalia | Somalian: Soomaaliya | |
en:Somaliland1 | Republic of Somaliland | Somalian: Somaliland | ||
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en:South Africa | Republic of South Africa | अंग्रेज़ी: South Africa Afrikaans: Suid-Afrika Xhosa: Mzantsi Afrika Zulu: Ningizimu Afrika etc. | |
en:South Ossetia1 | Republic of South Ossetia | Ossetian: Xussar Iryston / Хуссар Ирыстон Russian: Južnaja Osetia / Южная Осетия | ||
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en:Spain3 | Kingdom of Spain | Spanish: España Basque: Espainia Catalan: Espanya Galician: España | |
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en:Sri Lanka | Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka | Sinhala: Sri Lanka Tamil: Llankai / இலங்கை | |
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en:Sudan | Republic of the Sudan | अरबी: As-Sūdān / السودان | |
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en:Suriname | Republic of Suriname | Dutch: Suriname | |
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en:Swaziland | Kingdom of Swaziland | अंग्रेज़ी: Swaziland Swazi: eSwatini | |
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en:Sweden | Kingdom of Sweden | Swedish: Sverige | |
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en:Switzerland3 | Swiss Confederation | German: Schweiz French: Suisse Italian: Svizzera Raeto-Romance: Svizra | |
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en:Syria | Syrian Arab Republic | अरबी: Sūriyyah / سورية | |
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Taiwan (ROC)1 | Republic of China | Chinese: Táiwān / 台湾 (official: JhongHuá MínGuó / 中華民國) | |
en:Tajikistan4 | Republic of Tajikistan | Tajik: Tojikistan / Тоҷикистон | ||
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en:Tanzania | United Republic of Tanzania | Swahili: Tanzania अंग्रेज़ी: Tanzania | |
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en:Thailand | Kingdom of Thailand | Thai: Prathēt Thai / ราชอาณาจักรไทย | |
en:Togo | Togolese Republic | French: Togo | ||
en:Tonga | Kingdom of Tonga | Tongan: Tonga अंग्रेज़ी: Tonga | ||
en:Transnistria1 | Transdniestrian Moldovan Republic | Russian: Pridnestrovje / приднестрове Romanian/Moldovan: Stînga Nistrului | ||
en:Trinidad and Tobago4 | Republic of Trinidad and Tobago | अंग्रेज़ी: Trinidad and Tobago | ||
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en:Tunisia | Republic of Tunisia | अरबी: Tūnis / تونس | |
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en:Turkey | Republic of Turkey | Turkish: Türkiye | |
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en:Turkmenistan | Turkmenistan | Turkmen: Türkmenistan | |
en:Tuvalu | Tuvalu | Tuvaluan: Tuvalu अंग्रेज़ी: Tuvalu | ||
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en:Uganda | Republic of Uganda | अंग्रेज़ी: Uganda | |
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en:Ukraine4 | Ukraine | Ukrainian: Ukrajina / Україна | |
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en:United Arab Emirates3 | United Arab Emirates | अरबी: Al-Imarat Al-Arabiyah Al-Muttahidah / الإمارات العربيّة المتّحدة | |
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en:United Kingdom2,3 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | अंग्रेज़ी: United Kingdom | |
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en:United States2,3 | United States of America | अंग्रेज़ी: United States | |
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en:Uruguay | Eastern Republic of Uruguay | Spanish: Uruguay | |
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en:Uzbekistan4 | Republic of Uzbekistan | Uzbek: O'zbekiston | |
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en:Vanuatu | Republic of Vanuatu | Bislama: Vanuatu अंग्रेज़ी: Vanuatu French: Vanuatu | |
en:Vatican City | State of the City of the Vatican | Italian: Città del Vaticano (Holy See9) | ||
en:Venezuela 3 | Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela | Spanish: Venezuela | ||
en:Vietnam | Socialist Republic of Vietnam | Vietnamese: Việt Nam | ||
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en:Yemen | Republic of Yemen | अरबी: Al-Yaman / اليمن | |
en:Zambia | Republic of Zambia | अंग्रेज़ी: Zambia | ||
en:Zimbabwe | Republic of Zimbabwe | अंग्रेज़ी: Zimbabwe |
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