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Tryptophane hydroxylase

La tryptophane hydroxylase (TPH) est une oxydoréductase qui catalyse la réaction :

L-tryptophane + tétrahydrobioptérine + O2    5-hydroxy-L-tryptophane + 4a-hydroxytétrahydrobioptérine.

Cette enzyme assure l'étape limitante de la biosynthèse de la sérotonine par hydroxylation du tryptophane en 5-hydroxytryptophane (5-HTP). Elle assure également la première étape de la biosynthèse de la mélatonine.

Avec la tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) et la phénylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), la tryptophane hydroxylase appartient à la superfamille des hydroxylases d'acides aminés aromatiques, qui catalysent des étapes clés de voies métaboliques importantes[2]. Tout comme la TH et la PAH, la TPH fait intervenir de la tétrahydrobioptérine (BH4) et de l'oxygène.

Notes et références

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  1. (en) Lin Wang, Heidi Erlandsen, Jan Haavik, Per M. Knappskog et Raymond C. Stevens, « Three-Dimensional Structure of Human Tryptophan Hydroxylase and Its Implications for the Biosynthesis of the Neurotransmitters Serotonin and Melatonin », Biochemistry, vol. 41, no 42,‎ , p. 12569-12574 (PMID 12379098, DOI 10.1021/bi026561f, lire en ligne)
  2. (en) Jeffrey McKinney, Knut Teigen, Nils Åge Frøystein, Clotilde Salaün, Per M. Knappskog, Jan Haavik et Aurora Martínez, « Conformation of the Substrate and Pterin Cofactor Bound to Human Tryptophan Hydroxylase. Important Role of Phe313 in Substrate Specificity », Biochemistry, vol. 40, no 51,‎ , p. 15591-15601 (PMID 11747434, DOI 10.1021/bi015722x, lire en ligne)
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Tryptophane hydroxylase
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