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Normaaltingimused

Normaaltingimused on füüsikas ja keemias kokkuleppelised tingimused temperatuurist ja rõhust sõltuvate suuruste üheseks fikseerimiseks.

Füüsikas loetakse normaaltingimusteks NTP (lühend inglise keele sõnadest Normal Temperature and Pressure) temperatuuri 273,15 K (0 °C) ja rõhku 101 325 Pa = 101,325 kPa (1 atm = 760 mm Hg).[1] Need väärtused vastavad ligikaudu jää sulamistemperatuurile ja õhurõhule merepinna tasemel.

Keemias, eriti materjalide termodünaamiliste omaduste määramisel, kasutatakse IUPACi standardtingimusi STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure), kusjuures temperatuur on samuti 273,15 K, kuid rõhk on 100 000 Pa = 100 kPa (1 bar).[2]

USA Riikliku Standardite ja Tehnoloogia Instituudi (National Institute of Standards and Technology, lühend NIST) määratluse kohaselt on normaaltingimuste temperatuur 20 °C = 293,15 K ja rõhk 1 atm = 101 325 Pa.

Eri ainevaldkondades on kasutusel veel muidki kokkuleppelisi mõõtetingimusi. Tööstuses ja kaubanduses on normaaltingimuste arvväärtustel määrav tähtsus, sest nende alusel arvestatakse gaasi ja vedeliku mahtu.

  1. ENE 6. köide, 1992
  2. .Standard pressure
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Normaaltingimused
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