Revelation 9
| Revelation 9 | |
|---|---|
.JPG) Revelation 1:13-2:1 on the verso side of Papyrus 98 from the second century. | |
| Book | Book of Revelation |
| Category | Apocalypse |
| Christian Bible part | New Testament |
| Order in the Christian part | 27 |
Revelation 9 is the ninth chapter of the Book of Revelation or the Apocalypse of John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is traditionally attributed to John the Apostle,[1][2] but the precise identity of the author remains a point of academic debate.[3] In this chapter, the next two angels' trumpets are sounded, following the sounding of the first four trumpets in chapter 8.[4] These two trumpets and the final trumpet, sounded in chapter 11, are sometimes called the "woe trumpets".[5]
Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 21 verses.
Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are among others:[6][a]
- Papyrus 115 (ca. AD 275; extant verses 1–5, 7–16, 18–21)
- Papyrus 47 (3rd century)
- Papyrus 85 (4th century; extant verses 19–21)
- Codex Sinaiticus (330-360)
- Codex Alexandrinus (400-440)
- Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (ca. 450; extant verses 17–21)
Old Testament references
The Fifth Trumpet (9:1–11)
Verse 1
- Then the fifth angel sounded: And I saw a star fallen from heaven to the earth. To him was given the key to the bottomless pit.[9]
English nonconformist Moses Lowman explains that "stars, in the language of prophecy, signify angels.[10]
"The key to the bottomless pit" (Biblical Greek: ἡ κλεὶς τοῦ φρέατος τῆς ἀβύσσου, romanized: hē kleis tou phreatos tēs abyssou) is translated as "the key to the shaft of the Abyss" in the New International Version.
Verse 3
- Then out of the smoke locusts came upon the earth. And to them was given power, as the scorpions of the earth have power.[11]
These locusts are 'a demonized version of the army of locusts in Joel 2:1–11'.[12]
Verse 4
- They were commanded not to harm the grass of the earth, or any green thing, or any tree [13]
Early Methodist theologian Joseph Benson says that this instruction "demonstrates that they were not natural but symbolical locusts."[14]
Verse 11
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Main article: Abaddon |
- And they had as king over them the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in Hebrew is Abaddon, but in Greek he has the name Apollyon.[15][16]
The Vulgate adds a Latin equivalent, latine habens nomen Exterminans, which the Wycliffe Bible explains as "Destroyer". The latter also describes the angel as "the angel of deepness".[17]
The Sixth Trumpet (9:12–21)
Verse 16
- Now the number of the army of the horsemen was two hundred million; I heard the number of them.[18]
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