Fu'an dialect
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| Fu'an | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Southern China |
| Region | Ningde, Fu'an, Shouning, Zhouning and Zherong, Fujian province |
Early forms | |
| Chinese characters | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| ISO 639-6 | fuua |
| Glottolog | None |
| Linguasphere | 79-AAA-ibc |
The Fu'an dialect (福安話) is a dialect of Eastern Min, which is a branch of Min Chinese spoken mainly in the eastern part of Fujian Province, China.
The Fu'an dialect covers two city and three counties: Ningde, Fu'an, Shouning, Zhouning and Zherong County.
Phonology
The Fu'an dialect has 18 initials, 50 rimes and 7 tones.
Initials
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | p | pʰ | t | tʰ | k | kʰ | ʔ | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||||||
| Fricative | (β) | (f) | θ | (ʒ) | (ç) | x | |||||
| Affricate | ts | tsʰ | |||||||||
| Lateral | l | ||||||||||
| Approximant | j | ɰ | |||||||||
Rimes
| Open syllable | i | u | e | ɛ | ø | œ | o | ɔ | a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ui | ei | ɔi | ai | ||||||
| uai | |||||||||
| iu | eu | ɛu | ou | au | |||||
| iau | |||||||||
| Nasal coda | iŋ (in, im) |
uŋ (un, um) |
øŋ (øn, øm) |
œŋ (œn, œm) |
aŋ (an, am) | ||||
| ioŋ (ion, iom) |
iaŋ (ian, iam) | ||||||||
| uaŋ (uan, uam) | |||||||||
| ɛŋ (ɛn, ɛm) |
ouŋ (oun, oum) |
ɔuŋ (ɔun, ɔum) |
|||||||
| Glottal coda | iʔ | uʔ | øʔ | œʔ | oʔ | ɔʔ | aʔ | ||
| ioʔ | iaʔ | ||||||||
| uaʔ | |||||||||
| eiʔ | ɛiʔ | ouʔ | ɔuʔ | ||||||
| Nasal | m̝ | n̝ | ŋ̍ | hŋ̍ |
Tones
| No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tone name | dark level 陰平 |
light level 陽平 |
rising 上聲 |
dark departing 陰去 |
light departing 陽去 |
dark entering 陰入 |
light entering 陽入 |
| Tone contour | ˧˧˨ 332 | ˨ 22 | ˦˨ 42 | ˧˥ 35 | ˨˧ 23 | ˥ 5 | ˨ 2 |
Perseverative assimilation
| The Coda of the Former Syllable | The initial assimilation of the Latter Syllable |
|---|---|
| Null coda |
|
| coda /-ŋ/ |
|
| coda /-k̚/ |
|
Anticipatory assimilation
Tone sandhi
The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below (the rows give the first syllable's original citation tone, while the columns give the citation tone of the second syllable):
| dark level 332 |
light level 22 |
rising 42 |
dark departing 35 |
light departing 23 |
dark entering 5 |
light entering 2 | |
| dark level 332 |
55 | 55 | 44 | 44 | |||
| light level 22 |
332 | 35+42 | 55 | 44 | 44 | ||
| rising 42 |
23+332 | 35+42 | 55 | 44 | 44 | ||
| dark departing 35 |
55 | 55 | 44 | 44 | |||
| light departing 23 |
55 | 55 | 44 | 44 | |||
| dark entering 5 |
55 | 55 | 44 | 44 | |||
| light entering 2 |
35+5 | 55 | 44 | 44 |
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