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Urartu

Urartu (Armeens: Ուրարտու en Akkadies: māt Urarṭu,[1] wat ooreenstem met die Bybelse koninkryk Ararat) was ’n koninkryk in die Ystertydperk wat om die Vanmeer in Armenië gesentreer was.

Streng gesproke is "Urartu" die Assiriese term vir ’n geografiese streek, terwyl "koninkryk Urartu" in moderne historiografie gebruik word vir die Urartiessprekende Ystertydperk-staat wat in dié streek ontstaan het.

Geskiedenis

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Die taal Urarties kom in inskripsies voor. Hoewel daar geen tekens is dat ander tale in die koninkryk gepraat is nie, bestaan taalkundige bewyse dat Proto-Armeens vroeg in kontak met Urarties gekom het.[2][3][4][5][6]

Die mening dat ’n onderskeid tussen die streek en die koninkryk gemaak moet word, is reeds deur König (1955) gehandhaaf.[7] Die streek stem ooreen met die bergagtige plato tussen Klein-Asië, Mesopotamië, die Iranse Plato en die Kaukasus. Die koninkryk het in die middel 9de eeu v.C. ontstaan, maar is in die vroeë 6de eeu v.C. deur die Mede verower. Die erfgename van Urartu is die Armeniërs en hul daaropvolgende koninkryke.[5][8][9][10]

Verwysings

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  1. Eberhard Schrader, The Cuneiform inscriptions and the Old Testament (1885), bl. 65.
  2. Diakonoff, Igor M (1992). "First Evidence of the Proto-Armenian Language in Eastern Anatolia". Annual of Armenian Linguistics. 13: 51–54. ISSN 0271-9800.
  3. Róna-Tas, András.Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages: An Introduction to Early Hungarian History. Boedapest: Central European University Press, 1999 bl. 76 ISBN 963-9116-48-3.
  4. Greppin, John A. C. (1991). "Some Effects of the Hurro-Urartian People and Their Languages upon the Earliest Armenians". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 3 (4): 720–730. doi:10.2307/603403.
  5. 5,0 5,1 Chahin, M. (2001). The kingdom of Armenia: a history (2. rev. uitg.). Richmond: Curzon. p. 182. ISBN 0700714529.
  6. Scarre, edited by Chris (2013). Human past : world prehistory and the development of human societies (3de uitg.). W W Norton. ISBN 0500290636. ((cite book)): |first= has generic name (hulp)
  7. F. W. König, Handbuch der chaldischen Inschriften (1955).
  8. Frye, Richard N. (1984). The History of Ancient Iran. Munich: C.H. Beck. p. 73. ISBN 3406093973.
  9. Redgate, A. E. (2000). The Armenians. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 5. ISBN 0631220372.
  10. Lang, David Marshall (1980). Armenia: Cradle of Civilization (3de uitg.). Londen: Allen & Unwin. pp. 85–111. ISBN 0049560093.
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Urartu
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