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Skitiërs

Goue appliek van twee Skitiese boogskutters, 400 tot 350 v.C. in die Britse Museum

Die Skitiërs of Skithiërs was ’n antieke Iranse nomadiese volk van ruiters[1] wat op die steppe om die Swart- en Kaspiese See, toe bekend as Skitië, gewoon het. Hulle is later deur die nabyverwante Sarmate oorheers. Baie van die inligting wat oor hulle bekend is, kom van die Griekse historikus Herodotus (omstreeks 440 v.C.) en van opgrawings van voortreflike goue artefakte in Skitiese grafheuwels in die Oekraïne en Suid-Rusland.

Hul taal, Skities, word dikwels geklassifiseer as ’n lid van die Oos-Iranse tale. Daar word geglo hulle het oorspronklik van die Sentraal-Asiatiese streek Groter Iran (Persië) gekom.[2][3][4]

Argeologiese oorblyfsels van die Skitiërs sluit in grafheuwels, of koergans – sommige eenvoudig, ander oordadige grafkelders met wapens, perdetuie, Skitiese kuns, goud, sy en diere-offerandes, plek-plek ook met vermoedelik menslike offerandes.[5][6] Mummifiseringstegnieke en ysgrond het gehelp om die oorblyfsels goed bewaar te laat bly.

Argeoloë kan onderskei tussen drie periodes van antieke Skitiese oorblyfsels:

  • 1ste periode - voor-Skitiese en aanvanklike Skitiese tydperk: van die 9de tot die middel van die 7de eeu v.C.
  • 2de periode – vroeë Skitiese tydperk: van die 7de tot die 6de eeu v.C.
  • 3de periode – klassieke Skitiese tydperk: van die 5de tot die 6de eeu v.C.

Verwysings

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  1. Scythian mummy shown in Germany, BBC News
  2. The Persian Empire: a Corpus of Sources of the Achaemenid Period, Volume 1, (2007), Amélie Kuhrt,(p.44)
  3. Scandinavian Influences in the English Romantic Movement,(2009), Frank Edgar Farley,(p.197)
  4. Ancient communities of the Himalaya, (1998), Dinesh Prasad Saklani,(p.42)
  5. Hughes, Dennis. (1991) Human Sacrifice in Ancient Greece. Routledge pp. 10, 64-65, 118.
  6. Baldick, Julian. (2000) Animals and Shaman: Ancient Religions of Central Asia. I.B. Tauris. pp.35-36.

Verdere leesstof

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  • Alekseev, A. Yu. et al., Chronology of Eurasian Scythian Antiquities Born by New Archaeological and 14C Data. Radiocarbon, Vol .43, No 2B, 2001, p 1085-1107.
  • Jaedtke, Wolfgang. Steppenkind, Piper Verlag, Munich 2008. ISBN 978-3-492-25146-4. ’n Roman met gedetailleerde beskrywings van die lewe van die Skitiërs (Duits).
  • Rolle, Renate, The world of the Scythians, Londen en New York (1989).
  • Rjabchikov, S. V., The Scythians, Sarmatians, Meotians and Slavs: Sign System, Mythology, Folklore. Rostof-aan-die-Don, 2004 (Russies)
  • Sulimirski, T. "The Scyths", in Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 2: 149-99 [1]

Eksterne skakels

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Skitiërs
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